Difference between revisions of "STBT5:Solitary fibrous tumour"

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Revision as of 00:17, 3 March 2024

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Primary Author(s)*

Reba Daniel and Shashi Shetty

WHO Classification of Disease

Structure	Disease
Book	WHO Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours (5th Edition)
Category	Soft tissue tumours
Family	Fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumours
Type	Solitary fibrous tumour
Subtype(s)	None

Definition / Description of Disease

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal spindle cell neoplasm that can develop at any site in the body, including soft tissue, visceral organs, bone, etc. It was first described by Klemperer and Rabin^[1] in 1992 as a tumor of the pleura. However, since then this entity has been increasingly described from extrapleural sites. A morphologic clue to the diagnosis is the distinctive branching “staghorn” vessels. SFT is characterized by NAB2::STAT6 fusion resulting from a paracentric inversion at chromosome 12q13q13.

Synonyms / Terminology

Formerly SFTs were categorized as hemangiopericytomas.

Epidemiology / Prevalence

SFT occurs most commonly in adults with no gender predilection. Incidence of the tumor is highest in the age group of 40-70 years.

Clinical Features

Signs and Symptoms	SFTs present as slow-growing, painless neoplasms. Clinical symptoms can be due to mass effect in the site of involvement. e.g. Abdomen/Pelvis: abdominal distention, constipation, urinary retention Head/Neck: Dysphonia, nasal obstruction, dysphagia
Laboratory Findings

Sites of Involvement

SFTs may occur at any site of the body. Involvement of head and neck, deep soft tissues, abdominal cavity, retroperitoneum, pelvis, bone, and visceral organs have been reported.

Morphologic Features

Morphologically, biopsy or resection specimens will show a bland spindle cell proliferation arranged haphazardly in a background of collagenous stroma. Cells contain ovoid nuclei within eosinophilic cytoplasm with indistinct cell borders. Tumors can vary in cellularity and stromal collagen. On low power, branching, “staghorn” shaped vessels can often be appreciated. Mitotic counts are usually low. Myxoid and lipomatous change have been described. SFT with adipocytic component are referred to as fat-forming (lipomatous) SFTs. There is also a variant known as giant cell rich SFT, which has the classic patternless spindle cell proliferation admixed with multinucleated giant cells. Dedifferentiated SFTs will show conventional SFT transitioning to a high-grade pleomorphic variant. Heterologous elements may be present. Standard immunophenotypic expression of CD34 and STAT6 is often lost in the dedifferentiated component.

Immunophenotype

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.)

Finding	Marker
Positive (universal)	CD34
Positive (universal)	STAT6 (nuclear)
Negative (universal)
Negative (subset)

Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.)

Chromosomal Rearrangement	Genes in Fusion (5’ or 3’ Segments)	Pathogenic Derivative	Prevalence	Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)	Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)	Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)	Notes
inv(12)(q13q13)	3'STAT6 / 5'NAB2^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]	NA	55-100%	Yes	Unknown	No	Many different breakpoints in the exons and introns are associated with this fusion. Ex: NAB2ex4-STAT6ex2; NAB2ex6-STAT6ex16/17

Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH

Not Applicable

Chr #	Gain / Loss / Amp / LOH	Minimal Region Genomic Coordinates [Genome Build]	Minimal Region Cytoband	Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)	Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)	Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)	Notes

Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns

Not Applicable

Chromosomal Pattern	Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)	Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)	Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)	Notes

Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)

There are multiple genes with single nucleotide variations that have been reported only in metastatic solitary fibrous tumor tissues including TP53 and APAF1.^[8]

Gene; Genetic Alteration	Presumed Mechanism (Tumor Suppressor Gene [TSG] / Oncogene / Other)	Prevalence (COSMIC / TCGA / Other)	Concomitant Mutations	Mutually Exclusive Mutations	Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)	Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)	Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)	Notes
TERT	EXAMPLE: TSG	13-28% ^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]			No	Yes	No

Epigenomic Alterations

Not Applicable

Genes and Main Pathways Involved

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instructions: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.)

Gene; Genetic Alteration	Pathway	Pathophysiologic Outcome
NAB2::STAT6; Activating mutation	EGR Pathway	Increased activation of EGR1

Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods

Ancillary studies such as immunohistochemistry and molecular tests are useful in differentiating soft tissue tumors. SFTs have historically been diagnosed by morphology and strong diffuse CD34 positivity. Additional immunohistochemical phenotype previously used for identification included expression of Bcl2, CD99, and vimentin and absence of expression of epithelial, muscle, and neural markers. However, the introduction of STAT6 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 6) immunostain now dominates due to its high sensitivity and specificity. STAT6 expression is demonstrated by nuclear staining. Molecular testing by next generation sequencing is also highly useful in detecting the NAB2::STAT6 fusion. Breakapart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe for STAT6 can detect rearrangement of this gene. In the context of SFT, the rearrangement of the STAT6 gene is highly suggestive for the presence of NAB2-STAT6 fusion. A dual color dual fusion probe targeting both genes would be a direct confirmation for NAB2-STAT6 fusion.

Familial Forms

Not Applicable

Additional Information

Put your text here

Links

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References

(use the "Cite" icon at the top of the page) (Instructions: Add each reference into the text above by clicking on where you want to insert the reference, selecting the “Cite” icon at the top of the page, and using the “Automatic” tab option to search such as by PMID to select the reference to insert. The reference list in this section will be automatically generated and sorted. If a PMID is not available, such as for a book, please use the “Cite” icon, select “Manual” and then “Basic Form”, and include the entire reference.)

Notes

*Primary authors will typically be those that initially create and complete the content of a page. If a subsequent user modifies the content and feels the effort put forth is of high enough significance to warrant listing in the authorship section, please contact the CCGA coordinators (contact information provided on the homepage). Additional global feedback or concerns are also welcome.

↑ Klemperer, Paul; et al. (1992-01). "Primary Neoplasms of the pleura. A report of five cases". American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 22 (1): 4–31. doi:10.1002/ajim.4700220103. ISSN 0271-3586. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Huang, Shih‐Chiang; et al. (2016-02). "The clinicopathological significance of NAB 2‐ STAT 6 gene fusions in 52 cases of intrathoracic solitary fibrous tumors". Cancer Medicine. 5 (2): 159–168. doi:10.1002/cam4.572. ISSN 2045-7634. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Chmielecki, Juliann; et al. (2013-02). "Whole-exome sequencing identifies a recurrent NAB2-STAT6 fusion in solitary fibrous tumors". Nature Genetics. 45 (2): 131–132. doi:10.1038/ng.2522. ISSN 1061-4036. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Robinson, Dan R; et al. (2013-02). "Identification of recurrent NAB2-STAT6 gene fusions in solitary fibrous tumor by integrative sequencing". Nature Genetics. 45 (2): 180–185. doi:10.1038/ng.2509. ISSN 1061-4036. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Mohajeri, Arezoo; et al. (2013-10). "Comprehensive genetic analysis identifies a pathognomonic NAB2/STAT6 fusion gene, nonrandom secondary genomic imbalances, and a characteristic gene expression profile in solitary fibrous tumor". Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. 52 (10): 873–886. doi:10.1002/gcc.22083. ISSN 1045-2257. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Vogels, Rob JC; et al. (2014-12). "Solitary fibrous tumor – clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of 28 cases". Diagnostic Pathology. 9 (1). doi:10.1186/s13000-014-0224-6. ISSN 1746-1596. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Akaike, Keisuke; et al. (2015-03). "Distinct clinicopathological features of NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene variants in solitary fibrous tumor with emphasis on the acquisition of highly malignant potential". Human Pathology. 46 (3): 347–356. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2014.11.018. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Park, Hyung Kyu; et al. (2019). "Molecular changes in solitary fibrous tumor progression". Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany). 97 (10): 1413–1425. doi:10.1007/s00109-019-01815-8. ISSN 0946-2716. PMC 6746689. PMID 31321477.
↑ Bahrami, Armita; et al. (2016-12). "TERT promoter mutations and prognosis in solitary fibrous tumor". Modern Pathology. 29 (12): 1511–1522. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2016.126. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Liu, Xiaoli; et al. (2013-08). "Highly prevalent TERT promoter mutations in aggressive thyroid cancers". Endocrine-Related Cancer. 20 (4): 603–610. doi:10.1530/ERC-13-0210. ISSN 1351-0088. PMC 3782569. PMID 23766237. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
↑ Killela, Patrick J.; et al. (2013-04-09). "TERT promoter mutations occur frequently in gliomas and a subset of tumors derived from cells with low rates of self-renewal". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (15): 6021–6026. doi:10.1073/pnas.1303607110. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3625331. PMID 23530248.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
↑ Koelsche, Christian; et al. (2014-12). "TERT promoter hotspot mutations are recurrent in myxoid liposarcomas but rare in other soft tissue sarcoma entities". Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. 33 (1). doi:10.1186/1756-9966-33-33. ISSN 1756-9966. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[1] Klemperer, Paul; et al. (1992-01). "Primary Neoplasms of the pleura. A report of five cases". American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 22 (1): 4–31. doi:10.1002/ajim.4700220103. ISSN 0271-3586. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[2] Huang, Shih‐Chiang; et al. (2016-02). "The clinicopathological significance of NAB 2‐ STAT 6 gene fusions in 52 cases of intrathoracic solitary fibrous tumors". Cancer Medicine. 5 (2): 159–168. doi:10.1002/cam4.572. ISSN 2045-7634. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[3] Chmielecki, Juliann; et al. (2013-02). "Whole-exome sequencing identifies a recurrent NAB2-STAT6 fusion in solitary fibrous tumors". Nature Genetics. 45 (2): 131–132. doi:10.1038/ng.2522. ISSN 1061-4036. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[4] Robinson, Dan R; et al. (2013-02). "Identification of recurrent NAB2-STAT6 gene fusions in solitary fibrous tumor by integrative sequencing". Nature Genetics. 45 (2): 180–185. doi:10.1038/ng.2509. ISSN 1061-4036. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[5] Mohajeri, Arezoo; et al. (2013-10). "Comprehensive genetic analysis identifies a pathognomonic NAB2/STAT6 fusion gene, nonrandom secondary genomic imbalances, and a characteristic gene expression profile in solitary fibrous tumor". Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. 52 (10): 873–886. doi:10.1002/gcc.22083. ISSN 1045-2257. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[6] Vogels, Rob JC; et al. (2014-12). "Solitary fibrous tumor – clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of 28 cases". Diagnostic Pathology. 9 (1). doi:10.1186/s13000-014-0224-6. ISSN 1746-1596. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[7] Akaike, Keisuke; et al. (2015-03). "Distinct clinicopathological features of NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene variants in solitary fibrous tumor with emphasis on the acquisition of highly malignant potential". Human Pathology. 46 (3): 347–356. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2014.11.018. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[8] Park, Hyung Kyu; et al. (2019). "Molecular changes in solitary fibrous tumor progression". Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany). 97 (10): 1413–1425. doi:10.1007/s00109-019-01815-8. ISSN 0946-2716. PMC 6746689. PMID 31321477.

[9] Bahrami, Armita; et al. (2016-12). "TERT promoter mutations and prognosis in solitary fibrous tumor". Modern Pathology. 29 (12): 1511–1522. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2016.126. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[10] Liu, Xiaoli; et al. (2013-08). "Highly prevalent TERT promoter mutations in aggressive thyroid cancers". Endocrine-Related Cancer. 20 (4): 603–610. doi:10.1530/ERC-13-0210. ISSN 1351-0088. PMC 3782569. PMID 23766237. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link)

[11] Killela, Patrick J.; et al. (2013-04-09). "TERT promoter mutations occur frequently in gliomas and a subset of tumors derived from cells with low rates of self-renewal". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (15): 6021–6026. doi:10.1073/pnas.1303607110. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3625331. PMID 23530248.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)

[12] Koelsche, Christian; et al. (2014-12). "TERT promoter hotspot mutations are recurrent in myxoid liposarcomas but rare in other soft tissue sarcoma entities". Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. 33 (1). doi:10.1186/1756-9966-33-33. ISSN 1756-9966. Check date values in: |date= (help)

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@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 |}
 ==Definition / Description of Disease==
-Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal spindle cell neoplasm that can develop at any site in the body, including soft tissue, visceral organs, bone, etc.  It was first described by Klemperer and Rabin in 1992 as a tumor of the pleura. However, since then this entity has been increasingly described from extrapleural sites. A morphologic clue to the diagnosis is the distinctive branching “staghorn” vessels. SFT is characterized by ''NAB2::STAT6'' fusion resulting from a paracentric inversion at chromosome 12q13q13.
+Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a mesenchymal spindle cell neoplasm that can develop at any site in the body, including soft tissue, visceral organs, bone, etc.  It was first described by Klemperer and Rabin<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Klemperer|first=Paul|last2=Rabin|first2=Coleman B.|date=1992-01|title=Primary Neoplasms of the pleura. A report of five cases|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajim.4700220103|journal=American Journal of Industrial Medicine|language=en|volume=22|issue=1|pages=4–31|doi=10.1002/ajim.4700220103|issn=0271-3586}}</ref> in 1992 as a tumor of the pleura. However, since then this entity has been increasingly described from extrapleural sites. A morphologic clue to the diagnosis is the distinctive branching “staghorn” vessels. SFT is characterized by ''NAB2::STAT6'' fusion resulting from a paracentric inversion at chromosome 12q13q13.
 ==Synonyms / Terminology==
 Formerly SFTs were categorized as hemangiopericytomas.
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 |-
 |'''Laboratory Findings'''
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Cytopenias
+|
-<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Lymphocytosis (low level)
 |}
 ==Sites of Involvement==
@@ Line 69: / Line 68: @@
 !Notes
 |-
-|inv(12)(q13q13)||3'STAT6 / 5'NAB2||NA||55-100%
+|inv(12)(q13q13)||3'STAT6 / 5'NAB2<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Huang|first=Shih‐Chiang|last2=Li|first2=Chien‐Feng|last3=Kao|first3=Yu‐Chien|last4=Chuang|first4=I‐Chieh|last5=Tai|first5=Hui‐Chun|last6=Tsai|first6=Jen‐Wei|last7=Yu|first7=Shih‐Chen|last8=Huang|first8=Hsuan‐Ying|last9=Lan|first9=Jui|date=2016-02|title=The clinicopathological significance of  NAB 2‐ STAT 6  gene fusions in 52 cases of intrathoracic solitary fibrous tumors|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cam4.572|journal=Cancer Medicine|language=en|volume=5|issue=2|pages=159–168|doi=10.1002/cam4.572|issn=2045-7634}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chmielecki|first=Juliann|last2=Crago|first2=Aimee M|last3=Rosenberg|first3=Mara|last4=O'Connor|first4=Rachael|last5=Walker|first5=Sarah R|last6=Ambrogio|first6=Lauren|last7=Auclair|first7=Daniel|last8=McKenna|first8=Aaron|last9=Heinrich|first9=Michael C|date=2013-02|title=Whole-exome sequencing identifies a recurrent NAB2-STAT6 fusion in solitary fibrous tumors|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.2522|journal=Nature Genetics|language=en|volume=45|issue=2|pages=131–132|doi=10.1038/ng.2522|issn=1061-4036}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=Dan R|last2=Wu|first2=Yi-Mi|last3=Kalyana-Sundaram|first3=Shanker|last4=Cao|first4=Xuhong|last5=Lonigro|first5=Robert J|last6=Sung|first6=Yun-Shao|last7=Chen|first7=Chun-Liang|last8=Zhang|first8=Lei|last9=Wang|first9=Rui|date=2013-02|title=Identification of recurrent NAB2-STAT6 gene fusions in solitary fibrous tumor by integrative sequencing|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.2509|journal=Nature Genetics|language=en|volume=45|issue=2|pages=180–185|doi=10.1038/ng.2509|issn=1061-4036}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mohajeri|first=Arezoo|last2=Tayebwa|first2=Johnbosco|last3=Collin|first3=Anna|last4=Nilsson|first4=Jenny|last5=Magnusson|first5=Linda|last6=von Steyern|first6=Fredrik Vult|last7=Brosjö|first7=Otte|last8=Domanski|first8=Henryk A.|last9=Larsson|first9=Olle|date=2013-10|title=Comprehensive genetic analysis identifies a pathognomonic NAB2/STAT6 fusion gene, nonrandom secondary genomic imbalances, and a characteristic gene expression profile in solitary fibrous tumor|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/gcc.22083|journal=Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer|language=en|volume=52|issue=10|pages=873–886|doi=10.1002/gcc.22083|issn=1045-2257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vogels|first=Rob JC|last2=Vlenterie|first2=Myrella|last3=Versleijen-Jonkers|first3=Yvonne MH|last4=Ruijter|first4=Emiel|last5=Bekers|first5=Elise M|last6=Verdijk|first6=Marian AJ|last7=Link|first7=Monique M|last8=Bonenkamp|first8=Johannes J|last9=van der Graaf|first9=Winette TA|date=2014-12|title=Solitary fibrous tumor – clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of 28 cases|url=https://diagnosticpathology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13000-014-0224-6|journal=Diagnostic Pathology|language=en|volume=9|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s13000-014-0224-6|issn=1746-1596}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Akaike|first=Keisuke|last2=Kurisaki-Arakawa|first2=Aiko|last3=Hara|first3=Kieko|last4=Suehara|first4=Yoshiyuki|last5=Takagi|first5=Tatsuya|last6=Mitani|first6=Keiko|last7=Kaneko|first7=Kazuo|last8=Yao|first8=Takashi|last9=Saito|first9=Tsuyoshi|date=2015-03|title=Distinct clinicopathological features of NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene variants in solitary fibrous tumor with emphasis on the acquisition of highly malignant potential|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0046817714004912|journal=Human Pathology|language=en|volume=46|issue=3|pages=347–356|doi=10.1016/j.humpath.2014.11.018}}</ref>||NA||55-100%
 |Yes
 |Unknown
@@ Line 123: / Line 122: @@
 |}
 ==Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)==
-Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: This table is not meant to be an exhaustive list; please include only genes/alterations that are recurrent and common as well either disease defining and/or clinically significant. Can include references in the table. For clinical significance, denote associations with FDA-approved therapy (not an extensive list of applicable drugs) and NCCN or other national guidelines if applicable; Can also refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable as well as any high impact papers or reviews of gene mutations in this entity. Do not delete table.'') </span>
+There are multiple genes with single nucleotide variations that have been reported only in metastatic solitary fibrous tumor tissues including TP53 and APAF1.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Park|first=Hyung Kyu|last2=Yu|first2=Dan Bi|last3=Sung|first3=Minjung|last4=Oh|first4=Ensel|last5=Kim|first5=Mingi|last6=Song|first6=Ji-Young|last7=Lee|first7=Mi-Sook|last8=Jung|first8=Kyungsoo|last9=Noh|first9=Ka-Won|date=2019|title=Molecular changes in solitary fibrous tumor progression|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6746689/|journal=Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)|volume=97|issue=10|pages=1413–1425|doi=10.1007/s00109-019-01815-8|issn=0946-2716|pmc=6746689|pmid=31321477}}</ref>
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
 |-
@@ Line 132: / Line 131: @@
 !Notes
 |-
+|TERT
+|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> TSG
+|13-28% <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bahrami|first=Armita|last2=Lee|first2=Seungjae|last3=Schaefer|first3=Inga-Marie|last4=Boland|first4=Jennifer M|last5=Patton|first5=Kurt T|last6=Pounds|first6=Stanley|last7=Fletcher|first7=Christopher D|date=2016-12|title=TERT promoter mutations and prognosis in solitary fibrous tumor|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0893395222023328|journal=Modern Pathology|language=en|volume=29|issue=12|pages=1511–1522|doi=10.1038/modpathol.2016.126}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Liu|first=Xiaoli|last2=Bishop|first2=Justin|last3=Shan|first3=Yuan|last4=Pai|first4=Sara|last5=Liu|first5=Dingxie|last6=Murugan|first6=Avaniyapuram Kannan|last7=Sun|first7=Hui|last8=El-Naggar|first8=Adel K|last9=Xing|first9=Mingzhao|date=2013-08|title=Highly prevalent TERT promoter mutations in aggressive thyroid cancers|url=https://erc.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/erc/20/4/603.xml|journal=Endocrine-Related Cancer|volume=20|issue=4|pages=603–610|doi=10.1530/ERC-13-0210|issn=1351-0088|pmc=PMC3782569|pmid=23766237}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Killela|first=Patrick J.|last2=Reitman|first2=Zachary J.|last3=Jiao|first3=Yuchen|last4=Bettegowda|first4=Chetan|last5=Agrawal|first5=Nishant|last6=Diaz|first6=Luis A.|last7=Friedman|first7=Allan H.|last8=Friedman|first8=Henry|last9=Gallia|first9=Gary L.|date=2013-04-09|title=TERT promoter mutations occur frequently in gliomas and a subset of tumors derived from cells with low rates of self-renewal|url=https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1303607110|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=110|issue=15|pages=6021–6026|doi=10.1073/pnas.1303607110|issn=0027-8424|pmc=PMC3625331|pmid=23530248}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Koelsche|first=Christian|last2=Renner|first2=Marcus|last3=Hartmann|first3=Wolfgang|last4=Brandt|first4=Regine|last5=Lehner|first5=Burkhard|last6=Waldburger|first6=Nina|last7=Alldinger|first7=Ingo|last8=Schmitt|first8=Thomas|last9=Egerer|first9=Gerlinde|date=2014-12|title=TERT promoter hotspot mutations are recurrent in myxoid liposarcomas but rare in other soft tissue sarcoma entities|url=https://jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-9966-33-33|journal=Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research|language=en|volume=33|issue=1|doi=10.1186/1756-9966-33-33|issn=1756-9966}}</ref>
+|
+|
+|No
+|Yes
+|No
 |
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> TSG
+|}<br />
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 20% (COSMIC)
-<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 30% (add Reference)
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''IDH1'' R123H
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''EGFR'' amplification
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Yes
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> No
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> No
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Excludes hairy cell leukemia (HCL) (add reference).
-|}Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org/), COSMIC (https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), ICGC (https://dcc.icgc.org/) and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.
 ==Epigenomic Alterations==
 Not Applicable
@@ Line 154: / Line 152: @@
 |EGR Pathway
 |Increased activation of EGR1
-|-
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''CDKN2A''; Inactivating mutations
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Cell cycle regulation
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Unregulated cell division
-|-
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''KMT2C'' and ''ARID1A''; Inactivating mutations
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Histone modification, chromatin remodeling
-|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Abnormal gene expression program
 |}
 ==Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods==

Difference between revisions of "STBT5:Solitary fibrous tumour"

Revision as of 00:17, 3 March 2024

Contents

Primary Author(s)*

WHO Classification of Disease

Definition / Description of Disease

Synonyms / Terminology

Epidemiology / Prevalence

Clinical Features

Sites of Involvement

Morphologic Features

Immunophenotype

Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)

Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH

Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns

Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)

Epigenomic Alterations

Genes and Main Pathways Involved

Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods

Familial Forms

Additional Information

Links

References

Notes

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