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'''Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML);'''
'''Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML);'''
The most common chromosomal translocations is t(8;21)(q22;q22) (RUNX1-RUNX1T1) in de novo AML, at approximately 7% (2, 6). This translocation confers a favorable prognosis in AML and other neoplasms (2, 5, 6).
The frequency of mutations in RUNX1 mutations has been found to be between 5-18% of all Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients tested (3). The most common chromosomal translocations is t(8;21)(q22;q22) (RUNX1-RUNX1T1) in de novo AML, at approximately 7% (2, 6). This translocation confers a favorable prognosis in AML and other neoplasms (2, 5, 6). Other mutations in RUNX1 include deletions, missense, splicing, frameshift, and nonsense mutations (mostly loss of function or decreased function) and occur at a frequency of approximately 10% in AML patients (6). These mutations are mechanistically distinct from the chromosomal translocations and confer a worse prognosis (2, 5, 6)
''Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)'''
'''T-cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-ALL)'''
iAMP21 is an intrachromosomal amplification of Chromosome 21 which includes the genes RUNX1, miR-802 among others. This amplification occurs in about 1.5-2% of all Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia cases tested and is associated with poor prognostication (5).
'''T-cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (T-ALL)'''
RUNX! mutations have bee described in 20% o patients with early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL)(6).
'''B-cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-ALL)'''
'''B-cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-ALL)'''
The most common chromosomal translocations is t(12;21)(p13;q22) (ETV6-RUNX1) in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) (2). This translocation occurs in 25% of Pediatric B-ALL but only 2% of Adult B-ALL (5). This translocation confers a favorable prognosis in B-ALL and other neoplasms (2, 5, 6).
The most common chromosomal translocations is t(12;21)(p13;q22) (ETV6-RUNX1) in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) (2). This translocation occurs in 25% of Pediatric B-ALL but only 2% of Adult B-ALL (5, 6). This translocation confers a favorable prognosis in B-ALL and other neoplasms (2, 5, 6). iAMP21 is an intrachromosomal amplification of Chromosome 21 which includes the genes RUNX1, miR-802 among others. This amplification occurs in about 2% of all B-cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia cases tested and is associated with poor prognostication (6).
'''Chromic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)'''
'''Chromic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)'''
3. Wang, et al. (2017). Molecular Mutations and Their Cooccurrences in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Stem Cells Int. 2017:6962379 PMID 28197208 doi: 10.1155/2017/6962379
3. Wang, et al. (2017). Molecular Mutations and Their Cooccurrences in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Stem Cells Int. 2017:6962379 PMID 28197208 doi: 10.1155/2017/6962379
4 . Kamikubo, Y. (2018). Genetic compensation of RUNX family transcription factors in leukemia. Cancer Sci. (online version ahead of publication). PMID 29883054 doi.org/10.1111/cas.13664.
4. Kamikubo, Y. (2018). Genetic compensation of RUNX family transcription factors in leukemia. Cancer Sci. (online version ahead of publication). PMID 29883054 doi.org/10.1111/cas.13664.
5. Schafer, E.S. . et al. (2015). Molecular Genetics of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in The Molecular Basis of Cancer, 4th edition. Mendelsohn, J, Howley, PM, Israel, MA, Gray, JW, Thompson, CB. Editors. Elsevier Press: Philadelphia, USA, p395-406.
5. Schafer, E.S. . et al. (2015). Molecular Genetics of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in The Molecular Basis of Cancer, 4th edition. Mendelsohn, J, Howley, PM, Israel, MA, Gray, JW, Thompson, CB. Editors. Elsevier Press: Philadelphia, USA, p395-406.