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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (view source)
Revision as of 14:45, 30 June 2016
, 14:45, 30 June 2016→Main Pathways Involved
== Main Pathways Involved ==
== Main Pathways Involved ==
1) Loss of VHL function results in an uncoupling of an oxygen-sensing pathway, which results in stabilization and activation of the HIF transcription factors, leading to overexpression of a number of factors that promote proliferation, cell survival, angiogenesis, and metabolic changes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). 2) histone acetyltranferases/components of the SWI/SNF complex; mutations in chromosome 3p chromatin modifiers PBRM1, SETD2 and BAP1 associated with widspread alterations in transcription or methylation MAP kinase pathway phosphoprotein signature PI3K/AKT and mTOR pathways elevated; high expression of several genes representing targets for immunotherapy including PDCD1, CD247, PDCD1LG2, CTLA4, TNFRSF9, TNFRSF4
== Diagnosis ==
== Diagnosis ==