Cancer Types

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These classifications are based on WHO/IARC guidelines. See [1] for further details.

Common Adult Cancers

Common Pediatric Cancers

WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System (2016)

Diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors

Diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-mutant
Gemistocytic astrocytoma, IDH-mutant
Diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype
Diffuse astrocytoma, NOS
Anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH-mutant
Anaplastic astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype
Anaplastic astrocytoma, NOS
Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype
Giant cell glioblastoma
Gliosarcoma
Epithelioid glioblastoma
Glioblastoma, IDH-mutant
Glioblastoma, NOS
Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M–mutant
Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted
Oligodendroglioma, NOS 69
Anaplastic oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted
Anaplastic oligodendroglioma, NOS
Oligoastrocytoma, NOS
Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, NOS

Other astrocytic tumors

Pilocytic astrocytoma
Pilomyxoid astrocytoma
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
Anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma

Ependymal tumors

Subependymoma
Myxopapillary ependymoma
Ependymoma
Papillary ependymoma
Clear cell ependymoma
Tanycytic ependymoma
Ependymoma, RELA fusion–positive
Anaplastic ependymoma

Other gliomas

Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle
Angiocentric glioma
Astroblastoma

Choroid plexus tumors

Choroid plexus papilloma
Atypical choroid plexus papilloma
Choroid plexus carcinoma

Neuronal and mixed neuronal–glial tumors

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour
Gangliocytoma
Ganglioglioma
Anaplastic ganglioglioma
Dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma (Lhermitte–Duclos disease)
Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma and ganglioglioma
Papillary glioneuronal tumour
Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumour
Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumour
Central neurocytoma
Extraventricular neurocytoma
Cerebellar liponeurocytoma
Paraganglioma

Tumors of the pineal region

Pineocytoma
Pineal parenchymal tumour of intermediate differentiation
Pineoblastoma
Papillary tumour of the pineal region

Embryonal tumors

Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastoma, NOS
Medulloblastomas, genetically defined
Medulloblastoma, WNT-activated
Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated and TP53-mutant
Medulloblastoma, SHH-activated and TP53-wildtype
Medulloblastoma, non-WNT/non-SHH
Medulloblastomas, histologically defined
Medulloblastoma, classic
Desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma
Medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity
Large cell / anaplastic medulloblastoma
Embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes, C19MC-altered
Embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes, NOS
Other CNS embryonal tumors
Medulloepithelioma
CNS neuroblastoma
CNS ganglioneuroblastoma
CNS embryonal tumour, NOS
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour
CNS embryonal tumour with rhabdoid features

Tumors of the cranial and paraspinal nerves

Schwannoma
Cellular schwannoma
Plexiform schwannoma
Melanotic schwannoma
Neurofibroma
Atypical neurofibroma
Plexiform neurofibroma
Perineurioma
Hybrid nerve sheath tumors
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST)
MPNST with divergent differentiation
Epithelioid MPNST
MPNST with perineurial differentiation

Meningiomas

Meningioma
Meningioma variants
Meningothelial meningioma
Fibrous meningioma
Transitional meningioma
Psammomatous meningioma
Angiomatous meningioma
Microcystic meningioma
Secretory meningioma
Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma
Metaplastic meningioma
Chordoid meningioma
Clear cell meningioma
Atypical meningioma
Papillary meningioma
Rhabdoid meningioma
Anaplastic (malignant) meningioma

Mesenchymal, non-meningothelial tumors

Solitary fibrous tumour / haemangiopericytoma
Haemangioblastoma
Haemangioma
Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma
Angiosarcoma
Kaposi sarcoma
Ewing sarcoma / peripheral primitive
Neuroectodermal tumour
Lipoma
Angiolipoma
Hibernoma
Liposarcoma
Desmoid-type fibromatosis
Myofibroblastoma
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour
Benign fibrous histiocytoma
Fibrosarcoma
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma / malignant
Fibrous histiocytoma
Leiomyoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Rhabdomyoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Chondroma
Chondrosarcoma
Osteoma
Osteochondroma
Osteosarcoma

Melanocytic tumors

Meningeal melanocytosis
Meningeal melanomatosis
Meningeal melanocytoma
Meningeal melanoma

Lymphomas

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS
Corticoid-mitigated lymphoma
Sentinel lesions
Immunodeficiency-associated CNS lymphomas
AIDS-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
EBV+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, NOS
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
Miscellaneous rare lymphomas in the CNS
Low-grade B-cell lymphomas
T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphomas
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+/ALK–)
MALT lymphoma of the dura

Histiocytic tumors

Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Erdheim–Chester disease
Rosai–Dorfman disease
Juvenile xanthogranuloma
Histiocytic sarcoma

Germ cell tumors

Germinoma
Embryonal carcinoma
Yolk sac tumour
Choriocarcinoma
Teratoma
Mature teratoma
Immature teratoma
Teratoma with malignant transformation
Mixed germ cell tumour

Familial tumour syndromes

Neurofibromatosis type 1
Neurofibromatosis type 2
Schwannomatosis
Von Hippel–Lindau disease
Tuberous sclerosis
Li–Fraumeni syndrome
Cowden syndrome
Turcot syndrome
Mismatch repair cancer syndrome
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
Rhabdoid tumour predisposition syndrome

Tumors of the sellar region

Craniopharyngioma
Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma
Papillary craniopharyngioma

Granular cell tumour of the sellar region Pituicytoma 332 Spindle cell oncocytoma

Metastatic tumors

WHO Classification of Pathology and Genetics of Head and Neck Tumors

Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Malignant epithelial tumours
Squamous cell carcinoma
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Salivary gland-type carcinomas
Neuroendocrine tumours
Benign epithelial tumours
Schneiderian papillomas
Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma
Salivary gland-type adenomas
Soft tissue tumours
Malignant soft tissue tumours
Borderline and LMP tumours
Benign soft tissue tumours
Tumours of bone and cartilage
Malignant tumours
Benign tumours
Haematolymphoid tumours
Neuroectodermal tumours
Germ cell tumours
Secondary tumours

Nasopharynx

Malignant epithelial tumours
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Papillary adenocarcinoma
Salivary gland-type carcinomas
Benign epithelial tumours
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Haematolymphoid tumours
Tumours of bone and cartilage
Secondary tumours

Hypopharynx, larynx and trachea

Malignant epithelial tumours
Squamous cell carcinoma
Verrucous carcinoma
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma
Papillary squamous cell carcinoma
Spindle cell carcinoma
Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma
Adenosquamous carcinoma
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma
Giant cell carcinoma
Malignant salivary gland-type tumours
Neuroendocrine tumours
Adenocarcinoma, N.O.S.
Myoepithelial carcinoma
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
Carcinosarcoma
Metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma
Sialoblastoma Benign epithelial tumours
Pleomorphic adenoma
Myoepithelioma
Basal cell adenoma
Warthin tumour
Oncocytoma
Canalicular adenoma
Sebaceous adenoma
Lymphadenomas
Ductal papillomas
Cystadenoma
Soft tissue tumours
Haemangioma
Haematolymphoid tumours
Secondary tumours

Odontogenic tumours

Odontogenic carcinomas
Ameloblastic carcinomas
Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinomas
Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma
Ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma
Odontogenic sarcomas
Benign tumours
Odontogenic epithelium with mature fibrous stroma,
without odontogenic ectomesenchyme
Ameloblastomas
Squamous odontogenic tumour
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour
Keratocystic odontogenic tumour
Odontogenic epithelium with odontogenic ectome-
senchyme, with or without tissue formation
Ameloblastic fibroma / fibrodentinoma
Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma
Odontoma, complex type
Odontoma, compound type
Odontoameloblastoma
Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour
Dentinogenic ghost cell tumour
Mesenchyme and/or odontogenic ectome- senchyme, with or without odontogenic epithelium
Odontogenic fibroma
Odontogenic myxoma / myxofibroma
Cementoblastoma
Epithelial precursor lesions
Benign epithelial tumours
Papilloma / papillomatosis
Benign salivary gland-type tumours
Malignant soft tissue tumours
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour
Benign soft tissue tumours
Haematolymphoid tumours
Tumours of bone and cartilage
Mucosal malignant melanoma
Secondary tumours

Oral cavity and oropharynx

Malignant epithelial tumours
Squamous cell carcinoma
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma
Epithelial precursor lesions
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia
Precancerous conditions
Benign epithelial tumours
Papillomas
Granular cell tumour
Keratoacanthoma
Papillary hyperplasia
Median rhomboid glossitis
Salivary gland tumours
Kaposi sarcoma
Lymphangioma
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumour
Focal oral mucinosis
Congenital granular cell epulis
Haematolymphoid tumours
Malignant melanoma
Secondary tumours

Salivary glands

Malignant epithelial tumours
Acinic cell carcinoma
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Adenoid cyctic carcinoma
Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma
Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma
Clear cell carcinoma, N.O.S.
Basal cell adenocarcinoma
Malignant sebaceous tumours
Cystadenocarcinoma
Low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
Oncocytic carcinoma
Salivary duct carcinoma
Bone related lesions
Ossifying fibroma
Fibrous dysplasia
Osseous dysplasias
Central giant cell lesion
Cherubism
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Simple bone cyst

Ear

External ear
Tumours of ceruminous glands
Cylindroma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Fibrous dysplasia
Osteoma and exostosis
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia
Kimura disease
Idiopathic pseudocystic chondromalacia
Chondrodermatits nodularis chronica helicis
Middle ear
Cholesterol granuloma and cholesteatoma
Adenoma
Papillary tumours
Choristoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Meningioma
Inner ear
Vesticular schwannoma
Neurofibromatosis type 2
Lipoma of the internal auditory canal
Haemangioma
Endolymphatic sac tumour
Haematolymphoid tumours
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Secondary tumours

Paraganglionic system

Carotid body paraganglioma
Jugulotympanic paraganglioma
Vagal paraganglioma
Laryngeal paraganglioma

WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs (2016)

WHO Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart (2015)

WHO Classification of Tumours of Female Reproductive Organs (2014)

WHO Classification of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone (2013)

WHO Classification of Tumours of the Breast (2012)

WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System (2010)

WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (2008)

Miscellaneous Cancer Types

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML)
Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia (AMKL)
Adrenal cortical carcinoma
Anal Cancer
Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma
Bile duct Cancer
Bladder Cancer
Bladder: Squamous cell carcinoma
Bladder: Urothelial carcinomas
Bone Cancer
Adamantinoma
Aneurysmal bone cysts
Angiosarcoma
Chondroblastoma
Chondroma
Chondromyxoid fibroma
Chondrosarcoma
Conventional Osteosarcoma
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma
Enchondroma
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Fibrous dysplasia of the bone
Giant cell tumour
Haemangiomas and related lesions
Osteoblastoma
Osteochondroma
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteoma
Osteosarcoma
Periosteal chondroma
Vascular Tumours
Bowel Cancer
Brain tumours
Breast Cancer
Ductal carcinoma
Secretory Ductal Carcinoma
Carcinoid Tumors
Central Nervous System: Glioma
Cervical Cancer
Chordoma
Choriocarcinoma
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)
Clear Cell Hidradenoma of the Skin (CCH)
Colorectal Cancer
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Desmoid-type fibromatosis
Digestive organs: Carcinoma of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts
Digestive organs: Liver: Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma
Endometrial Cancer
Esophagus
adenocarcinoma
Barrett's esophagus
Eye Cancer
Eye tumors: an overview
Fallopian tube tumors: an overview
Fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium
Gallbladder Cancer
Gastric Cancer
Gastric Tumors: an overview
Gestational trophoblastic tumours (GTT)
Hairy cell leukaemia
Head and Neck Cancer Squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
Ear: Endolymphatic Sac Tumor (ELST)
Epidermoid carcinoma
Iris Hamartomas
Odontogenic tumor: Ameloblastoma
Oral leukoplakia
Pleomorphic salivary gland adenoma with ins(8)(q12;q11q11) TCEA1/PLAG1
Pleomorphic salivary gland adenoma with inv(8)(q12q12) CHCHD7/PLAG1
Retinoblastoma
Retinoma
Salivary gland tumors: an overview
Thymus
Thymoma
Heart
Cardiac Myxoma
Hodgkin lymphoma
Inflammatory fibroid polyps
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Kidney Cancer
Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Metanephric adenoma
Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma
Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)
Papillary adenoma
Papillary renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma
Renal Oncocytoma
Laryngeal Cancer
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Liver adenoma
Liver Cancer
Fibrolamellar carcinoma
Hepatoblastoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Nested stromal epithelial tumor
Undifferentiated carcinoma
Lung Cancer
Non-small cell carcinoma
Pleuropulmonary blastoma
small cell Cancer
Lymphangioleiomyoma
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Lymphoma
Melanoma skin Cancer
Melanoma
Mesothelioma
Molar pregnancy
Mouth and oropharyngeal Cancer
Multiple Myeloma
Nasal and sinus Cancers
Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Nervous system tumours
Peripheral neuroblastic tumours
Neuroblastoma
Ganglioneuroblastoma
Ganglioneuroma
Astrocytic tumors
Ependymomas
Medulloblastoma
Meningioma
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Neuroendocrine tumors
Phaeochromocytoma
Neurofibroma
Non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
Oesophageal Cancer
Optic Nerve Glioma
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Ovarian Cancer
Choriocarcinoma
Epithelial tumors
Germ cell tumors
Sex cord-stromal tumors
Pancreatic Cancer
Penile Cancer
Pericytoma
Pituitary Adenomas
Posterior uveal melanoma
Prostate Cancer
Rectal Cancer
Rhabdoid tumor
Salivary gland Cancer
Warthin's Tumors
Skin Cancer
Melanoma
Cutaneous benign fibrous histiocytomas
Cylindroma
Pilomatricoma
Spitz tumors
Smooth muscle
Intravenous leiomyomatosis
Soft tissue tumors
Aggressive angiomyxoma
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Alveolar soft part sarcoma
Angiofibroma
Clear cell sarcoma
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor
Elastofibroma
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Ewing's tumors/Primitive neurectodermal tumors (PNET)
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
Lipoblastoma
Lipoma / benign lipomatous tumors
Lipoma: Chondroid lipoma
Liposarcoma / malignant lipomatous tumors
Liposarcoma: Myxoid liposarcoma
Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma
Malignant Myoepithelioma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Soft Tissue Leiomyosarcoma
Soft tissue chondroma
Synovial sarcoma
Hibernomas
Squamous cell Cancer
Stomach Cancer
Testicular Cancer
Germ cell tumors
Spermatocytic seminoma
Thyroid Cancer
Anaplastic (undifferentiated) carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma
Oncocytic tumors
Papillary Carcinoma with inv(7)(q21q34) AKAP9/BRAF
Papillary carcinoma/Adenocarcinoma
Uterine Cancer
Carcinoma of the cervix
Endometrial carcinoma
Leiomyoma
Vulva and Vagina tumors
Vaginal Cancer
Vulval Cancer