Changes

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

Neoplastic processes are a complex group of disorders that develop as a result of the accumulation of genetic alterations including gene mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, gain and loss of genetic material, epigenetic changes, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and various other genetic changes. Defining and understanding the genetic alterations of specific neoplastic disorders influences the diagnoses, prognoses, and therapeutic choices for patients with both malignant and benign neoplasms [1,2,3,4,5,6,7].<ref>Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, 4th edn, International Agency for Research on Cancer: Lyon, France, 2008.</ref>{{reflist}]

Neoplastic processes are a complex group of disorders that develop as a result of the accumulation of genetic alterations including gene mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, gain and loss of genetic material, epigenetic changes, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and various other genetic changes. Defining and understanding the genetic alterations of specific neoplastic disorders influences the diagnoses, prognoses, and therapeutic choices for patients with both malignant and benign neoplasms [1,2,3,4,5,6,7].<ref>1.</ref>{{reflist}]

Published clinically applicable data now show the utility of DNA microarray analysis in the assessment of multiple neoplastic disorders [8,9,10,11,12,13]. Data indicate that microarray technologies provide information about gain and loss of genetic material in neoplastic disorders, including hematologic malignancies and solid tumors [14,15,16,17]. These gains and losses, represented as an increase or decrease in the proportion of genetic material as compared with a reference genome, are collectively referred to as copy-number variants (CNVs). Microarray methodologies are appropriate complementary methods to standard methods of chromosome and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses for detection of genetic anomalies in neoplastic disorders.

Published clinically applicable data now show the utility of DNA microarray analysis in the assessment of multiple neoplastic disorders [8,9,10,11,12,13]. Data indicate that microarray technologies provide information about gain and loss of genetic material in neoplastic disorders, including hematologic malignancies and solid tumors [14,15,16,17]. These gains and losses, represented as an increase or decrease in the proportion of genetic material as compared with a reference genome, are collectively referred to as copy-number variants (CNVs). Microarray methodologies are appropriate complementary methods to standard methods of chromosome and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses for detection of genetic anomalies in neoplastic disorders.