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→Gene Overview
==Gene Overview==
==Gene Overview==
The ''ABL1'' gene encodes a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is ubiquitously expressed and involved in a large number of cellular processes (see '''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/25#reference-sequences "NCBI Gene]'''). By far the most prevalent ''ABL1'' alteration associated with cancer are the fusions of the ''ABL1'' gene with a number of partners, but especially with the ''BCR'' gene in CML [1,2] and to a lesser extent in B-ALL and T-ALL.
The ''ABL1'' gene encodes a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is ubiquitously expressed and involved in a large number of cellular processes (see '''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/25#reference-sequences "NCBI Gene]'''). By far the most prevalent ''ABL1'' alteration associated with cancer are the fusions of the ''ABL1'' gene with a number of partners, but especially with the ''BCR'' gene in CML [1,2] and to a lesser extent in B-ALL and T-ALL. The head to tail arrangement of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene results in an activated tyrosine kinase activity [6]. It appears that the N-terminal domain of ''BCR'' can cause oligomerization of the BCR-ABL1 protein product, thus activating the ''ABL1'' tyrosine kinase domain of the fusion protein [6,10,11]. The ''ABL1'' and ''ABL2'' genes encode tyrosine kinases which share overlapping physiological roles, and ''ABL2'' somatic or amplification mutations are more common than similar mutations in ''ABL1'' [6].
The head to tail arrangement of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene results in an activated tyrosine kinase activity [6]. It appears that the N-terminal domain of ''BCR'' can cause oligomerization of the BCR-ABL1 protein product, thus activating the ''ABL1'' tyrosine kinase domain of the fusion protein [6,10,11].
The ''ABL1'' and ''ABL2'' genes encode tyrosine kinases which share overlapping physiological roles, and ''ABL2'' somatic or amplification mutations are more common than similar mutations in ''ABL1'' [6].
See the '''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/BCR "BCR gene"]''' for additional details of the BCR-ABL1 gene fusion.
See the '''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/BCR "BCR gene"]''' for additional details of the BCR-ABL1 gene fusion.