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'''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/Acute_Myeloid_Leukemia_(AML)_with_BCR-ABL1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with BCR-ABL1]'''

'''[http://www.ccga.io/index.php/Acute_lymphoblastic_leukaemia_(ALL) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia]'''

Approximately 20% of patients (25 - 30% of adults and 2 - 10% of children) diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia bear a Philadelphia chromosome resulting from t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2), which is a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 22 (''BCR'' locus) and chromosome 9 (''ABL1'' locus) (see '''[http://www.omim.org/entry/613065 OMIM]''') [1].  Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia patients with Gleevec does not have the same success as in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia patients because the genomic instability of ALL cells contributes to point mutations arising in the BRC-ABL1 kinase domain, leading to Gleevec resistance [4].

Approximately 20% of patients (25 - 30% of adults and 2 - 10% of children) diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia bear a Philadelphia chromosome resulting from t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2), which is a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 22 (''BCR'' locus) and chromosome 9 (''ABL1'' locus) (see '''[http://www.omim.org/entry/613065 OMIM]''') [1].  Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia patients with Gleevec does not have the same success as in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia patients because the genomic instability of ALL cells contributes to point mutations arising in the BRC-ABL1 kinase domain, leading to Gleevec resistance [4].

BCR-ABL1 translocations (Ph+) are more prevalent in adult vs. pediatric patients diagnosed as Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) [12,13].  The BCR-ABL1 translocations are considered to be prognostic of poorer outcomes in the context of patients diagnosed with Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) [12].  However, a number of individual studies indicate that Ph+ MPAL patients can be treated successfully wiht tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as Imatinab and second generation TKIs (14,15).

BCR-ABL1 translocations (Ph+) are more prevalent in adult vs. pediatric patients diagnosed as Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) [12,13].  The BCR-ABL1 translocations are considered to be prognostic of poorer outcomes in the context of patients diagnosed with Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia (MPAL) [12].  However, a number of individual studies indicate that Ph+ MPAL patients can be treated successfully wiht tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as Imatinab and second generation TKIs (14,15).

==Gene Overview==

==Gene Overview==