Difference between revisions of "Giant cell glioblastoma"

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(Created page with " ==Primary Author(s)*== __TOC__ ==Cancer Category/Type== Put your text here ==Cancer Sub-Classification / Subtype== Put your text here ==Definition / Description of Dise...")
 
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__TOC__
 
__TOC__
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Jay Alden, DO
  
 
==Cancer Category/Type==
 
==Cancer Category/Type==
  
Put your text here
+
* Diffuse astrocytic and olidodendroglial tumors
  
 
==Cancer Sub-Classification / Subtype==
 
==Cancer Sub-Classification / Subtype==
  
Put your text here
+
Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (IDH-wt)
  
 
==Definition / Description of Disease==
 
==Definition / Description of Disease==
  
Put your text here
+
* Rare histologic variant of IDH-wt glioblastoma <ref name=":0">WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, 4th ed, Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK (Eds), IARC, Lyon 2016. Pg 46-47</ref>
 +
* Large, multinucleate giant cells with occasional abundant reticuln network <ref name=":0" />
  
 
==Synonyms / Terminology==
 
==Synonyms / Terminology==
 
Put your text here
 
  
 
==Epidemiology / Prevalence==
 
==Epidemiology / Prevalence==
  
Put your text here
+
* Constitute <1% of glioblastomas <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Ortega|first=Alicia|last2=Nuño|first2=Miriam|last3=Walia|first3=Sartaaj|last4=Mukherjee|first4=Debraj|last5=Black|first5=Keith L.|last6=Patil|first6=Chirag G.|date=2014|title=Treatment and survival of patients harboring histological variants of glioblastoma|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24980627|journal=Journal of Clinical Neuroscience: Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia|volume=21|issue=10|pages=1709–1713|doi=10.1016/j.jocn.2014.05.003|issn=1532-2653|pmid=24980627}}</ref>
 +
* May be more common in pediatric population <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Kozak|first=Kevin R.|last2=Moody|first2=John S.|date=2009|title=Giant cell glioblastoma: a glioblastoma subtype with distinct epidemiology and superior prognosis|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19332771|journal=Neuro-Oncology|volume=11|issue=6|pages=833–841|doi=10.1215/15228517-2008-123|issn=1523-5866|pmc=2802403|pmid=19332771}}</ref>
 +
* Mean age 51 years <ref name=":2" />
  
 
==Clinical Features==
 
==Clinical Features==
  
Put your text here
+
* No evidence of a precursor lesion <ref name=":0" />
 +
* Presenting symptoms similar to IDH-wt glioblastoma
 +
* Radiographically and grossly circumscribed borders, may be mistaken for other neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Turner|first=Ryan|last2=Matthys|first2=Samuel|last3=Heymann|first3=John|last4=Gelman|first4=Benjamin|date=2018|title=Imaging findings in the progression of a giant cell glioblastoma|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30128062|journal=Radiology Case Reports|volume=13|issue=5|pages=1007–1011|doi=10.1016/j.radcr.2018.07.010|issn=1930-0433|pmc=6097408|pmid=30128062}}</ref>
  
 
==Sites of Involvement==
 
==Sites of Involvement==
  
Put your text here
+
* Localization similar to IDH-wt glioblastoma <ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />
  
 
==Morphologic Features==
 
==Morphologic Features==
  
Put your text here
+
* Bizarre, multi-nucleate giant cells with atypical mitotic figures <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Margetts|first=J. C.|last2=Kalyan-Raman|first2=U. P.|date=1989|title=Giant-celled glioblastoma of brain. A clinico-pathological and radiological study of ten cases (including immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure)|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2912529|journal=Cancer|volume=63|issue=3|pages=524–531|doi=10.1002/1097-0142(19890201)63:33.0.co;2-d|issn=0008-543X|pmid=2912529}}</ref>
 +
* Cells may contain numerous nuclei <ref name=":0" />
 +
* Palisading and ischemic necrosis <ref name=":0" />
 +
* Pseudo-rosette like perivascular tumor cell concentration <ref name=":0" />
 +
 
 +
[[File:GCG sample image.png|thumb|Hematoxylin and Eosin stained section of giant cell glioblastoma showing bizarre multinucleate cells]]
  
 
==Immunophenotype==
 
==Immunophenotype==
 
Put your text here and/or fill in the table
 
  
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
|-
! Finding   !! Marker
+
!Finding!!Marker
|-
 
|Positive (universal) || EXAMPLE CD1
 
 
|-
 
|-
|Positive (subset) || EXAMPLE CD2
+
|Positive (variable level)||GFAP <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Katoh|first=M.|last2=Aida|first2=T.|last3=Sugimoto|first3=S.|last4=Suwamura|first4=Y.|last5=Abe|first5=H.|last6=Isu|first6=T.|last7=Kaneko|first7=S.|last8=Mitsumori|first8=K.|last9=Kojima|first9=H.|date=1995|title=Immunohistochemical analysis of giant cell glioblastoma|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7550996|journal=Pathology International|volume=45|issue=4|pages=275–282|doi=10.1111/j.1440-1827.1995.tb03456.x|issn=1320-5463|pmid=7550996}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
|Negative (universal) || EXAMPLE CD3
+
|Positive (subset)||P53 <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Peraud|first=A.|last2=Watanabe|first2=K.|last3=Plate|first3=K. H.|last4=Yonekawa|first4=Y.|last5=Kleihues|first5=P.|last6=Ohgaki|first6=H.|date=1997|title=p53 mutations versus EGF receptor expression in giant cell glioblastomas|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9370234|journal=Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology|volume=56|issue=11|pages=1236–1241|doi=10.1097/00005072-199711000-00008|issn=0022-3069|pmid=9370234}}</ref> <ref name=":3" />
 
|-
 
|-
|Negative (subset) || EXAMPLE CD4
+
|Negative (universal)||neuN <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Martinez-Diaz|first=Hilda|last2=Kleinschmidt-DeMasters|first2=B. K.|last3=Powell|first3=Suzanne Z.|last4=Yachnis|first4=Anthony T.|date=2003|title=Giant cell glioblastoma and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma show different immunohistochemical profiles for neuronal antigens and p53 but share reactivity for class III beta-tubulin|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12946225|journal=Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine|volume=127|issue=9|pages=1187–1191|doi=10.1043/1543-2165(2003)1272.0.CO;2|issn=1543-2165|pmid=12946225}}</ref>
 
|}
 
|}
  
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
|-
! Chromosomal Rearrangement !! Genes in Fusion (5’ or 3’ Segments) !! Pathogenic Derivative !! Prevalence
+
!Chromosomal Rearrangement!!Genes in Fusion (5’ or 3’ Segments)!!Pathogenic Derivative!!Prevalence
 
|-
 
|-
|EXAMPLE t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) || EXAMPLE 3'ABL1 / 5'BCR || EXAMPLE der(22) || EXAMPLE 5%
+
|EXAMPLE t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)||EXAMPLE 3'ABL1 / 5'BCR||EXAMPLE der(22)||EXAMPLE 5%
 
|-
 
|-
|EXAMPLE t(8;21)(q22;q22) || EXAMPLE 5'RUNX1 / 3'RUNXT1 || EXAMPLE der(8) || EXAMPLE 5%
+
|EXAMPLE t(8;21)(q22;q22)||EXAMPLE 5'RUNX1 / 3'RUNXT1||EXAMPLE der(8)||EXAMPLE 5%
 
|}
 
|}
 
 
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
|-
! Chromosome Number !! Gain/Loss/Amp/LOH !! Region
+
!Chromosome Number!!Gain/Loss/Amp/LOH!!Region
 
|-
 
|-
|EXAMPLE 8 || EXAMPLE Gain || EXAMPLE chr8:0-1000000
+
|EXAMPLE 8||EXAMPLE Gain||EXAMPLE chr8:0-1000000
 
|-
 
|-
|EXAMPLE 7 || EXAMPLE Loss || EXAMPLE chr7:0-1000000
+
|EXAMPLE 7||EXAMPLE Loss||EXAMPLE chr7:0-1000000
 
|}
 
|}
 
 
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
|-
! Gene !! Mutation !! Oncogene/Tumor Suppressor/Other !! Presumed Mechanism (LOF/GOF/Other; Driver/Passenger) !! Prevalence (COSMIC/TCGA/Other)
+
!Gene!!Mutation!!Oncogene/Tumor Suppressor/Other!!Presumed Mechanism (LOF/GOF/Other; Driver/Passenger)!!Prevalence (COSMIC/TCGA/Other)
 
|-
 
|-
| EXAMPLE TP53 || EXAMPLE R273H || EXAMPLE Tumor Suppressor || EXAMPLE LOF || EXAMPLE 20%
+
|EXAMPLE TP53||EXAMPLE R273H||EXAMPLE Tumor Suppressor||EXAMPLE LOF||EXAMPLE 20%
 
|}
 
|}
 
 
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{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
|-
! Type !! Gene/Region/Other
+
!Type!!Gene/Region/Other
 
|-
 
|-
| Concomitant Mutations || EXAMPLE IDH1 R123H
+
|Concomitant Mutations||EXAMPLE IDH1 R123H
 
|-
 
|-
| Secondary Mutations || EXAMPLE Trisomy 7
+
|Secondary Mutations||EXAMPLE Trisomy 7
 
|-
 
|-
|Mutually Exclusive || EXAMPLE EGFR Amplification
+
|Mutually Exclusive||EXAMPLE EGFR Amplification
 
|}
 
|}
  
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==References==
 
==References==
  
=== EXAMPLE Book ===
+
===EXAMPLE Book===
 +
 
 
#Arber DA, et al., (2008). Acute myeloid leukaemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities, in World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, 4thedition.Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Vardiman JW, Editors. IARC Press: Lyon, France, p117-118.
 
#Arber DA, et al., (2008). Acute myeloid leukaemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities, in World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, 4thedition.Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Vardiman JW, Editors. IARC Press: Lyon, France, p117-118.
  
=== EXAMPLE Journal Article ===
+
===EXAMPLE Journal Article===
 +
 
 
#Li Y, et al., (2001). Fusion of two novel genes, RBM15 and MKL1, in the t(1;22)(p13;q13) of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Nat Genet 28:220-221, PMID 11431691.
 
#Li Y, et al., (2001). Fusion of two novel genes, RBM15 and MKL1, in the t(1;22)(p13;q13) of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Nat Genet 28:220-221, PMID 11431691.
  
== Notes ==
+
==Notes==
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Primary authors will typically be those that initially create and complete the content of a page.  If a subsequent user modifies the content and feels the effort put forth is of high enough significance to warrant listing in the authorship section, please contact the CCGA coordinators (contact information provided on the homepage).  Additional global feedback or concerns are also welcome.
 
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Primary authors will typically be those that initially create and complete the content of a page.  If a subsequent user modifies the content and feels the effort put forth is of high enough significance to warrant listing in the authorship section, please contact the CCGA coordinators (contact information provided on the homepage).  Additional global feedback or concerns are also welcome.

Revision as of 09:50, 13 April 2020

Primary Author(s)*

Jay Alden, DO

Cancer Category/Type

  • Diffuse astrocytic and olidodendroglial tumors

Cancer Sub-Classification / Subtype

Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (IDH-wt)

Definition / Description of Disease

  • Rare histologic variant of IDH-wt glioblastoma [1]
  • Large, multinucleate giant cells with occasional abundant reticuln network [1]

Synonyms / Terminology

Epidemiology / Prevalence

  • Constitute <1% of glioblastomas [2]
  • May be more common in pediatric population [3]
  • Mean age 51 years [3]

Clinical Features

  • No evidence of a precursor lesion [1]
  • Presenting symptoms similar to IDH-wt glioblastoma
  • Radiographically and grossly circumscribed borders, may be mistaken for other neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions [4]

Sites of Involvement

  • Localization similar to IDH-wt glioblastoma [3][2]

Morphologic Features

  • Bizarre, multi-nucleate giant cells with atypical mitotic figures [5]
  • Cells may contain numerous nuclei [1]
  • Palisading and ischemic necrosis [1]
  • Pseudo-rosette like perivascular tumor cell concentration [1]
Hematoxylin and Eosin stained section of giant cell glioblastoma showing bizarre multinucleate cells

Immunophenotype

Finding Marker
Positive (variable level) GFAP [6]
Positive (subset) P53 [7] [6]
Negative (universal) neuN [8]

Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)

Put your text here and/or fill in the table

Chromosomal Rearrangement Genes in Fusion (5’ or 3’ Segments) Pathogenic Derivative Prevalence
EXAMPLE t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) EXAMPLE 3'ABL1 / 5'BCR EXAMPLE der(22) EXAMPLE 5%
EXAMPLE t(8;21)(q22;q22) EXAMPLE 5'RUNX1 / 3'RUNXT1 EXAMPLE der(8) EXAMPLE 5%

Characteristic Chromosomal Aberrations / Patterns

Put your text here

Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH

Put your text here and/or fill in the table

Chromosome Number Gain/Loss/Amp/LOH Region
EXAMPLE 8 EXAMPLE Gain EXAMPLE chr8:0-1000000
EXAMPLE 7 EXAMPLE Loss EXAMPLE chr7:0-1000000

Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)

Put your text here and/or fill in the tables

Gene Mutation Oncogene/Tumor Suppressor/Other Presumed Mechanism (LOF/GOF/Other; Driver/Passenger) Prevalence (COSMIC/TCGA/Other)
EXAMPLE TP53 EXAMPLE R273H EXAMPLE Tumor Suppressor EXAMPLE LOF EXAMPLE 20%

Other Mutations

Type Gene/Region/Other
Concomitant Mutations EXAMPLE IDH1 R123H
Secondary Mutations EXAMPLE Trisomy 7
Mutually Exclusive EXAMPLE EGFR Amplification

Epigenomics (Methylation)

Put your text here

Genes and Main Pathways Involved

Put your text here

Diagnostic Testing Methods

Put your text here

Clinical Significance (Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Implications)

Put your text here

Familial Forms

Put your text here

Other Information

Put your text here

Links

Put your links here

References

EXAMPLE Book

  1. Arber DA, et al., (2008). Acute myeloid leukaemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities, in World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, 4thedition.Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Vardiman JW, Editors. IARC Press: Lyon, France, p117-118.

EXAMPLE Journal Article

  1. Li Y, et al., (2001). Fusion of two novel genes, RBM15 and MKL1, in the t(1;22)(p13;q13) of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Nat Genet 28:220-221, PMID 11431691.

Notes

*Primary authors will typically be those that initially create and complete the content of a page. If a subsequent user modifies the content and feels the effort put forth is of high enough significance to warrant listing in the authorship section, please contact the CCGA coordinators (contact information provided on the homepage). Additional global feedback or concerns are also welcome.

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, 4th ed, Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK (Eds), IARC, Lyon 2016. Pg 46-47
  2. 2.0 2.1 Ortega, Alicia; et al. (2014). "Treatment and survival of patients harboring histological variants of glioblastoma". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience: Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia. 21 (10): 1709–1713. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2014.05.003. ISSN 1532-2653. PMID 24980627.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kozak, Kevin R.; et al. (2009). "Giant cell glioblastoma: a glioblastoma subtype with distinct epidemiology and superior prognosis". Neuro-Oncology. 11 (6): 833–841. doi:10.1215/15228517-2008-123. ISSN 1523-5866. PMC 2802403. PMID 19332771.
  4. Turner, Ryan; et al. (2018). "Imaging findings in the progression of a giant cell glioblastoma". Radiology Case Reports. 13 (5): 1007–1011. doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2018.07.010. ISSN 1930-0433. PMC 6097408. PMID 30128062.
  5. Margetts, J. C.; et al. (1989). "Giant-celled glioblastoma of brain. A clinico-pathological and radiological study of ten cases (including immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure)". Cancer. 63 (3): 524–531. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19890201)63:33.0.co;2-d. ISSN 0008-543X. PMID 2912529.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Katoh, M.; et al. (1995). "Immunohistochemical analysis of giant cell glioblastoma". Pathology International. 45 (4): 275–282. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1995.tb03456.x. ISSN 1320-5463. PMID 7550996.
  7. Peraud, A.; et al. (1997). "p53 mutations versus EGF receptor expression in giant cell glioblastomas". Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. 56 (11): 1236–1241. doi:10.1097/00005072-199711000-00008. ISSN 0022-3069. PMID 9370234.
  8. Martinez-Diaz, Hilda; et al. (2003). "Giant cell glioblastoma and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma show different immunohistochemical profiles for neuronal antigens and p53 but share reactivity for class III beta-tubulin". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 127 (9): 1187–1191. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2003)1272.0.CO;2. ISSN 1543-2165. PMID 12946225.