Difference between revisions of "HAEM5:T-prolymphocytic leukaemia"

From Compendium of Cancer Genome Aberrations
Jump to navigation Jump to search
[unchecked revision][unchecked revision]
Line 184: Line 184:
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
|TCL1A
+
|''TCL1A''
 
|Oncogene
 
|Oncogene
 
|
 
|
Line 194: Line 194:
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|''EZH2''
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|''FBXW10''
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|''CHEK2''
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 204: Line 224:
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|''IL2RG''
 
|
 
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|''JAK1''
 +
|
 +
|20% (COSMIC)
 +
 +
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 30% (add Reference)
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|''JAK3''
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|''STAT5B''
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 227: Line 279:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|TCL1A
 
|TCL1A
|T-cell signaling
+
|AKT signaling
 
|Increased cell survival and proliferation
 
|Increased cell survival and proliferation
 
|-
 
|-

Revision as of 18:00, 9 May 2024


Haematolymphoid Tumours (5th ed.)

(General Instructions – The main focus of these pages is the clinically significant genetic alterations in each disease type. Use HUGO-approved gene names and symbols (italicized when appropriate), HGVS-based nomenclature for variants, as well as generic names of drugs and testing platforms or assays if applicable. Please complete tables whenever possible and do not delete them (add N/A if not applicable in the table and delete the examples); to add (or move) a row or column to a table, click nearby within the table and select the > symbol that appears to be given options. Please do not delete or alter the section headings. The use of bullet points alongside short blocks of text rather than only large paragraphs is encouraged. Additional instructions below in italicized blue text should not be included in the final page content. Please also see Author_Instructions and FAQs as well as contact your Associate Editor or Technical Support)

Primary Author(s)*

Parastou Tizro, MD

WHO Classification of Disease

(Will be autogenerated; Book will include name of specific book and have a link to the online WHO site)

Structure Disease
Book
Category
Family
Type
Subtype(s)

Definition / Description of Disease

T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is an aggressive form of T-cell leukemia marked by the proliferation of small to medium-sized prolymphocytes exhibiting a mature post-thymic T-cell phenotype. This condition is characterized by the juxtaposition of TCL1A or MTCP1 genes to a TR locus, typically the TRA/TRD locus.

Synonyms / Terminology

Put your text here (Instructions: Include currently used terms and major historical ones, adding “(historical)” after the latter.)

Epidemiology / Prevalence

T-PLL is a rare disorder, comprising about 2% of all mature lymphoid leukemia cases in adults. It primarily occurs in the elderly, with a median age of 65 years (ranging from 30 to 94 years), and shows a slight male predominance with a male to female ratio of 1.33:1.

Clinical Features

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.)

Signs and Symptoms Hepatosplenomegaly (Frequently observed)

Generalized lymphadenopathy with slightly enlarged lymph nodes (Frequently observed

Cutaneous involvement (20%)

Malignant effusions (15%)

Asymptomatic and indolent phase (30% of cases)

Laboratory Findings Anaemia and thrombocytopenia

Marked lymphocytosis > 100 × 10^9/L (75% of cases)

Sites of Involvement

Peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, liver, lymph node, and sometimes skin and serosa

Morphologic Features

Blood smears display anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis, predominantly of atypical lymphocytes. Bone marrow aspirates show aggregates of neoplastic lymphoid cells.

Immunophenotype

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.)

Finding Marker
Positive (universal) CD2, CD3 (may be weak), CD5, CD7
Positive (subset) CD4 (in some cases CD4+/CD8+ or CD4-/CD8+), CD52
Negative (universal) TdT, CD1a
Negative (subset) CD8 (in some cases CD4+/CD8+ or CD4-/CD8+)

Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.)

Chromosomal Rearrangement Genes in Fusion (5’ or 3’ Segments) Pathogenic Derivative Prevalence Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Notes
t(14;14)(q11;q32) TCL1A/TRD EXAMPLE: der(22) EXAMPLE: 20% (COSMIC)

EXAMPLE: 30% (add reference)

Yes EXAMPLE: No Yes EXAMPLE:

The t(9;22) is diagnostic of CML in the appropriate morphology and clinical context (add reference). This fusion is responsive to targeted therapy such as Imatinib (Gleevec) (add reference).

t(X;14)(q28;q11.2) MTCP1/TRD Low (5%) Yes

Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instructions: Includes aberrations not involving gene fusions. Can include references in the table. Can refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable. Do not delete table.)

Chr # Gain / Loss / Amp / LOH Minimal Region Genomic Coordinates [Genome Build] Minimal Region Cytoband Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Notes
8 Gain idic(8)(p11.2)

t(8;8)(p11.2;q12)

trisomy 8q

chr8 No No No Common recurrent secondary finding (70-80% of cases).[1]

Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns

Put your text here (EXAMPLE PATTERNS: hyperdiploid; gain of odd number chromosomes including typically chromosome 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 17; co-deletion of 1p and 19q; complex karyotypes without characteristic genetic findings; chromothripsis. Do not delete table.)

Chromosomal Pattern Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Notes
inv(14)(q11q32) EXAMPLE: Yes EXAMPLE: No EXAMPLE: No EXAMPLE:

See chromosomal rearrangements table as this pattern is due to an unbalanced derivative translocation associated with oligodendroglioma (add reference).

Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instructions: This table is not meant to be an exhaustive list; please include only genes/alterations that are recurrent and common as well either disease defining and/or clinically significant. Can include references in the table. For clinical significance, denote associations with FDA-approved therapy (not an extensive list of applicable drugs) and NCCN or other national guidelines if applicable; Can also refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable as well as any high impact papers or reviews of gene mutations in this entity. Do not delete table.)

Gene; Genetic Alteration Presumed Mechanism (Tumor Suppressor Gene [TSG] / Oncogene / Other) Prevalence (COSMIC / TCGA / Other) Concomitant Mutations Mutually Exclusive Mutations Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Notes
EXAMPLE: TP53; Variable LOF mutations

EXAMPLE:

EGFR; Exon 20 mutations

EXAMPLE: BRAF; Activating mutations

EXAMPLE: TSG EXAMPLE: 20% (COSMIC)

EXAMPLE: 30% (add Reference)

EXAMPLE: IDH1 R123H EXAMPLE: EGFR amplification EXAMPLE: Yes EXAMPLE: No EXAMPLE: No EXAMPLE: Excludes hairy cell leukemia (HCL) (add reference).
TCL1A Oncogene ATM mutations None specified Yes Yes
EZH2
FBXW10
CHEK2
IL2RG
JAK1 20% (COSMIC)

EXAMPLE: 30% (add Reference)

JAK3
STAT5B

Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org/), COSMIC (https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), ICGC (https://dcc.icgc.org/) and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.

Epigenomic Alterations

Put your text here

Genes and Main Pathways Involved

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instructions: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.)

Gene; Genetic Alteration Pathway Pathophysiologic Outcome
EXAMPLE: BRAF and MAP2K1; Activating mutations EXAMPLE: MAPK signaling EXAMPLE: Increased cell growth and proliferation
TCL1A AKT signaling Increased cell survival and proliferation
EXAMPLE: KMT2C and ARID1A; Inactivating mutations EXAMPLE: Histone modification, chromatin remodeling EXAMPLE: Abnormal gene expression program

Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods

The genetic diagnostic process involves detecting clonal rearrangements of the TR gene and rearrangements of the TCL1 gene at the TRB or TRG loci.

Familial Forms

A subset of cases may develop in the context of ataxia-telangiectasia (AT), which is characterized by germline mutations in the ATM gene. Penetrance of the tumor phenotype is about 10% to 15% by early adulthood.[2] It represents nearly 3% of all malignancies in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia.[3]

Additional Information

Put your text here

Links

(use the "Link" icon that looks like two overlapping circles at the top of the page) (Instructions: Highlight text to which you want to add a link in this section or elsewhere, select the "Link" icon at the top of the page, and search the name of the internal page to which you want to link this text, or enter an external internet address by including the "http://www." portion.)

References

(use the "Cite" icon at the top of the page) (Instructions: Add each reference into the text above by clicking on where you want to insert the reference, selecting the “Cite” icon at the top of the page, and using the “Automatic” tab option to search such as by PMID to select the reference to insert. The reference list in this section will be automatically generated and sorted. If a PMID is not available, such as for a book, please use the “Cite” icon, select “Manual” and then “Basic Form”, and include the entire reference.)

Notes

*Primary authors will typically be those that initially create and complete the content of a page. If a subsequent user modifies the content and feels the effort put forth is of high enough significance to warrant listing in the authorship section, please contact the CCGA coordinators (contact information provided on the homepage). Additional global feedback or concerns are also welcome.

  1. Matutes, E.; et al. (1991-12-15). "Clinical and laboratory features of 78 cases of T-prolymphocytic leukemia". Blood. 78 (12): 3269–3274. ISSN 0006-4971. PMID 1742486.
  2. Taylor, A. M.; et al. (1996-01-15). "Leukemia and lymphoma in ataxia telangiectasia". Blood. 87 (2): 423–438. ISSN 0006-4971. PMID 8555463.
  3. Li, Geling; et al. (2017-12-26). "T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia in an adolescent with ataxia-telangiectasia: novel approach with a JAK3 inhibitor (tofacitinib)". Blood Advances. 1 (27): 2724–2728. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2017010470. ISSN 2473-9529. PMC 5745136. PMID 29296924.