Difference between revisions of "HAEM5:Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma"
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| − | == | + | ==WHO Classification of Disease== |
| − | + | {| class="wikitable" | |
| − | + | !Structure | |
| − | + | !Disease | |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | + | |Book | |
| + | |Haematolymphoid Tumours (5th ed.) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Category | ||
| + | |B-cell lymphoid proliferations and lymphomas | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Family | ||
| + | |Mature B-cell neoplasms | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Type | ||
| + | |N/A | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Subtype(s) | ||
| + | |Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma | ||
| + | |} | ||
==Definition / Description of Disease== | ==Definition / Description of Disease== | ||
Latest revision as of 17:27, 6 September 2024
Haematolymphoid Tumours (WHO Classification, 5th ed.)
 | This page is under construction |
editContent Update To WHO 5th Edition Classification Is In Process; Content Below is Based on WHO 4th Edition ClassificationThis page was converted to the new template on 2023-12-07. The original page can be found at HAEM4:Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma.Other relevent pages include: HAEM4:Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Note: author needs to coorelate with Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
(General Instructions – The main focus of these pages is the clinically significant genetic alterations in each disease type. Use HUGO-approved gene names and symbols (italicized when appropriate), HGVS-based nomenclature for variants, as well as generic names of drugs and testing platforms or assays if applicable. Please complete tables whenever possible and do not delete them (add N/A if not applicable in the table and delete the examples); to add (or move) a row or column to a table, click within the table and select the > symbol that appears to be given options. Please do not delete or alter the section headings. The use of bullet points alongside short blocks of text rather than only large paragraphs is encouraged. Additional instructions below in italicized blue text should not be included in the final page content. Please also see Author_Instructions and FAQs as well as contact your Associate Editor or Technical Support)
Primary Author(s)*
Kapitolina Semenova, MD, Jack Reid, MD, Fabiola Quintero-Rivera, MD
Departments of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, and *Pediatrics, Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, University of California, Irvine (UCI)
WHO Classification of Disease
| Structure | Disease |
|---|---|
| Book | Haematolymphoid Tumours (5th ed.) |
| Category | B-cell lymphoid proliferations and lymphomas |
| Family | Mature B-cell neoplasms |
| Type | N/A |
| Subtype(s) | Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma |
Definition / Description of Disease
- Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a neoplasm of small B lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and plasma cells, usually involving bone marrow and spleen, which does not fulfil the criteria for any of the other small B-cell lymphoid neoplasms, that can have plasmacytic differentiation. [1]
- Based on the presence of the bone marrow involvement and the presence of paraprotein, LPL is categorized into Waldenström macroglobulinemia and LPL of non-Waldenström macroglobulinemia. [2]
- The majority of cases of LPL lymphoma are associated with IgM paraprotein secretion (Waldenström macroglobulinemia), with less than 5% of cases attributed to IgA, IgG, and nonsecreting cases of LPL. [3]
Synonyms / Terminology
Malignant lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma.[1]
Epidemiology / Prevalence
- Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, in approximately 95% of cases, occurs in patients of Caucasian descent. [2]
- The median age is in the seventh decade of life. [1][2]
- Approximately 1000-1500 new cases are diagnosed yearly in the United States.
- LPL associated with IgM (Waldenström macroglobulinemia) is more commonly occurs in male patients, while LPL with a non-IgM is reported more frequently in females. [4]
Clinical Features
| Signs and Symptoms | Weakness (usually related to anemia)
Fatigue Hyperviscosity (in 30% of cases) Lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly (in 10-20% of patient at time of diagnosis) Paraprotein deposition in tissues with organ-specific dysfunction:
|
| Laboratory Findings | IgM paraprotein
IgM and IgG paraprotein (minority of patients) Cold agglutinins Cryoglobulinemia |
editUnassigned ReferencesThe following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.
Sites of Involvement
- Bone marrow (most of cases), lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and other extranodal sites. The peripheral blood may also be involved.
- Rare involvement of CNS associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (known as Bing-Neel syndrome). Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma may occur at sites typically involved by extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma), such as the ocular adnexa. [1][2]
- Patients with non-IgM LPL are more likely to present with extramedullary involvement such as lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, or extranodal disease. [4]
- Bone marrow involvement is more common in patients with IgM-associated LPL (Waldenström macroglobulinemia) when compared to non-IgM LPL. [4]
Morphologic Features
- Bone marrow involvement is characterized by diffuse, interstitial, and nodular infiltration patterns. Paratrabecular can also be present; however, it has been observed more frequently in cases of marginal zone lymphoma.
- The infiltrate is characterized by small monotonous lymphocytes admixed with a variable amount of plasmacytoid lymphocytes and plasma cells. Although nonspecific, variable amount of reactive mast cell and hemosiderin deposits are frequently observed. Dutcher bodies (nuclear vacuoles containing IgM protein) and Russell bodies (cytoplasmic inclusion) are often seen similarly in multiple myeloma cases. [1]
- Peripheral blood often demonstrates lymphoma cells with similar morphology. Leukocytosis is not typically observed. Peripheral blood may also demonstrate a rouleaux formation due to increased IgM paraprotein.
Immunophenotype
Put your text here and fill in the table
| Finding | Marker |
|---|---|
| Positive (subset) | IgM |
| Positive (subset) | IgG |
| Positive (subset) | IgA |
| Positive (universal) | CD19 |
| Positive (universal) | CD20 |
| Positive (universal) | CD22 (dim) |
| Positive (universal) | CD25 |
| Positive (universal) | CD79a |
| Positive (universal) | CD45 |
| Positive (variable) | CD38 |
| Positive (universal) | PAX5 |
| Positive (subset) | CD5 |
| Positive (subset) | CD10 |
| Positive (subset) | TCL1 |
| Negative (universal) | Cyclin D1 |
| Negative (universal) | LEF1 |
| Negative (universal) | EBV stain |
| Negative (universal) | CD56 |
| Negative (universal) | CD117 |
editUnassigned ReferencesThe following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.
Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)
No specific chromosomal abnormalities are identified in LPL.
| Chromosomal Rearrangement | Genes in Fusion (5’ or 3’ Segments) | Pathogenic Derivative | Prevalence | Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t(9:14)(p13:q32) | IGH/PAX5 | rare | Yes | No | No |
editUnassigned ReferencesThe following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.
Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH
| Chr # | Gain / Loss / Amp / LOH | Minimal Region Genomic Coordinates [Genome Build] | Minimal Region Cytoband | Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXAMPLE: |
Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns
Put your text here
| Chromosomal Pattern | Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXAMPLE:
|
Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)
| Gene; Genetic Alteration | Presumed Mechanism (Tumor Suppressor Gene [TSG] / Oncogene / Other) | Prevalence (COSMIC / TCGA / Other) | Concomitant Mutations | Mutually Exclusive Mutations | Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MYD88 L265; Activating mutation | >90% | Yes | Yes | Yes | This is also seen in some non-germinal centre subtype DLBCL, NOS, primary cutaneous DLBCL, leg type, and primary CNS and testicular DLBCL cases.
| |||
| CXCR4 S338X or or frameshift mutations | 30% | Yes | Yes | Cases with nonsense mutations, has been associated with more symptomatic/active disease, other clinical and laboratory findings, and greater resistance to ibrutinib and possibly other therapeutic agents.
Mutations are similar to those seen in the syndrome of warts, hypogammaglobulinaemia, immunodeficiency, and myelokathexis (WHIM syndrome).
| ||||
| ARID1A | 17% |
Less commonly, other somatic mutations, such as mutations of TP53, CD79B, KMT20 (previously designated MLL2), and MYBBP1A
Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org/), COSMIC (https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), ICGC (https://dcc.icgc.org/) and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.
Epigenomic Alterations
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Genes and Main Pathways Involved
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| Gene; Genetic Alteration | Pathway | Pathophysiologic Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| EXAMPLE: BRAF and MAP2K1; Activating mutations | EXAMPLE: MAPK signaling | EXAMPLE: Increased cell growth and proliferation |
| EXAMPLE: CDKN2A; Inactivating mutations | EXAMPLE: Cell cycle regulation | EXAMPLE: Unregulated cell division |
| EXAMPLE: KMT2C and ARID1A; Inactivating mutations | EXAMPLE: Histone modification, chromatin remodeling | EXAMPLE: Abnormal gene expression program |
Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods
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Familial Forms
Put your text here (Instructions: Include associated hereditary conditions/syndromes that cause this entity or are caused by this entity.)
Additional Information
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Links
Put your text placeholder here (or anywhere appropriate on the page) and use the "Link" icon at the top of the page (Instructions: Highlight text to which you want to add a link in this section or elsewhere, select the "Link" icon at the top of the page, and search the name of the internal page to which you want to link this text, or enter an external internet address by including the "http://www." portion.)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0 - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Wang, Wei; et al. (2020-01). "Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis". Pathology. 52 (1): 6–14. doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2019.09.009. ISSN 1465-3931. PMID 31767130. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ Hunter, Zachary R.; et al. (2017-03-20). "Genomics, Signaling, and Treatment of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia". Journal of Clinical Oncology: Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 35 (9): 994–1001. doi:10.1200/JCO.2016.71.0814. ISSN 1527-7755. PMID 28294689.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:2
(use "Cite" icon at top of page
Notes
*Primary authors will typically be those that initially create and complete the content of a page. If a subsequent user modifies the content and feels the effort put forth is of high enough significance to warrant listing in the authorship section, please contact the CCGA coordinators (contact information provided on the homepage). Additional global feedback or concerns are also welcome.
*Citation of this Page: “Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma”. Compendium of Cancer Genome Aberrations (CCGA), Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC), updated 09/6/2024, https://ccga.io/index.php/HAEM5:Lymphoplasmacytic_lymphoma.