Line 364: |
Line 364: |
| '''Mutation:''' FUBP1, CIC, IDH, TERT, NOTCH1, PIK3CA or PIK3R1 | | '''Mutation:''' FUBP1, CIC, IDH, TERT, NOTCH1, PIK3CA or PIK3R1 |
| |Activation of MYC pathway is often seen with loss of 9p (CDKN2A/B), and 14q (MAX gene) and is reported to have a worse prognosis | | |Activation of MYC pathway is often seen with loss of 9p (CDKN2A/B), and 14q (MAX gene) and is reported to have a worse prognosis |
− | |PMID:27090007; <ref name=":42" />PMID:26061753; <ref name=":43" />PMID:25263767 <ref name=":44" />PMID:26061754; PMID:24335697; <ref name=":1" />PMID:25664944; PMID:26941959; <ref name=":9" />PMID:26824661 <ref name=":8" />PMID:26061751 | + | |<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kamoun|first=Aurélie|last2=Idbaih|first2=Ahmed|last3=Dehais|first3=Caroline|last4=Elarouci|first4=Nabila|last5=Carpentier|first5=Catherine|last6=Letouzé|first6=Eric|last7=Colin|first7=Carole|last8=Mokhtari|first8=Karima|last9=Jouvet|first9=Anne|date=2016-04-19|title=Integrated multi-omics analysis of oligodendroglial tumours identifies three subgroups of 1p/19q co-deleted gliomas|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27090007|journal=Nature Communications|volume=7|pages=11263|doi=10.1038/ncomms11263|issn=2041-1723|pmc=4838899|pmid=27090007}}</ref>PMID:27090007; <ref name=":42" />PMID:26061753; <ref name=":43" />PMID:25263767 <ref name=":44" />PMID:26061754; <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alentorn|first=Agustí|last2=van Thuijl|first2=Hinke F.|last3=Marie|first3=Yannick|last4=Alshehhi|first4=Hussa|last5=Carpentier|first5=Catherine|last6=Boisselier|first6=Blandine|last7=Laigle-Donadey|first7=Florence|last8=Mokhtari|first8=Karima|last9=Scheinin|first9=Ilari|date=2014-03|title=Clinical value of chromosome arms 19q and 11p losses in low-grade gliomas|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24335697|journal=Neuro-Oncology|volume=16|issue=3|pages=400–408|doi=10.1093/neuonc/not227|issn=1523-5866|pmc=3922518|pmid=24335697}}</ref>PMID:24335697; <ref name=":1" />PMID:25664944; <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rice|first=Terri|last2=Lachance|first2=Daniel H.|last3=Molinaro|first3=Annette M.|last4=Eckel-Passow|first4=Jeanette E.|last5=Walsh|first5=Kyle M.|last6=Barnholtz-Sloan|first6=Jill|last7=Ostrom|first7=Quinn T.|last8=Francis|first8=Stephen S.|last9=Wiemels|first9=Joseph|date=2016-03|title=Understanding inherited genetic risk of adult glioma - a review|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26941959|journal=Neuro-Oncology Practice|volume=3|issue=1|pages=10–16|doi=10.1093/nop/npv026|issn=2054-2577|pmc=4774334|pmid=26941959}}</ref>PMID:26941959; <ref name=":9" />PMID:26824661 <ref name=":8" />PMID:26061751 |
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Line 375: |
Line 375: |
| '''Loss:''' PTEN | | '''Loss:''' PTEN |
| |About 10% of glioblastomas; correspond closely to secondary glioblastoma with history of prior glioma. These cases often involve loss of 10q , gain of CDK4, CDK6, cyclin E2, and increase in copy number alterations. | | |About 10% of glioblastomas; correspond closely to secondary glioblastoma with history of prior glioma. These cases often involve loss of 10q , gain of CDK4, CDK6, cyclin E2, and increase in copy number alterations. |
− | |<ref name=":44" />PMID:26061754; <ref name=":15" />PMID:25754088; <ref name=":45" />PMID:28535583 PMID:25931051; <ref name=":46" />PMID:26091668; <ref name=":0" />PMID:25461780; PMID:27157931; <ref name=":14" />PMID:25727226; PMID:26323991 <ref name=":8" />PMID:26061751; <ref name=":13" />PMID:29687258 | + | |<ref name=":44" />PMID:26061754; <ref name=":15" />PMID:25754088; <ref name=":45" />PMID:28535583 <ref name=":47">{{Cite journal|last=Geisenberger|first=Christoph|last2=Mock|first2=Andreas|last3=Warta|first3=Rolf|last4=Rapp|first4=Carmen|last5=Schwager|first5=Christian|last6=Korshunov|first6=Andrey|last7=Nied|first7=Ann-Katrin|last8=Capper|first8=David|last9=Brors|first9=Benedikt|date=2015-09|title=Molecular profiling of long-term survivors identifies a subgroup of glioblastoma characterized by chromosome 19/20 co-gain|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25931051|journal=Acta Neuropathologica|volume=130|issue=3|pages=419–434|doi=10.1007/s00401-015-1427-y|issn=1432-0533|pmid=25931051}}</ref>PMID:25931051; <ref name=":46" />PMID:26091668; <ref name=":0" />PMID:25461780; <ref name=":48">{{Cite journal|last=Louis|first=David N.|last2=Perry|first2=Arie|last3=Reifenberger|first3=Guido|last4=von Deimling|first4=Andreas|last5=Figarella-Branger|first5=Dominique|last6=Cavenee|first6=Webster K.|last7=Ohgaki|first7=Hiroko|last8=Wiestler|first8=Otmar D.|last9=Kleihues|first9=Paul|date=2016-06|title=The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27157931|journal=Acta Neuropathologica|volume=131|issue=6|pages=803–820|doi=10.1007/s00401-016-1545-1|issn=1432-0533|pmid=27157931}}</ref>PMID:27157931; <ref name=":14" />PMID:25727226; <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Liu|first=Qun|last2=Liu|first2=Yuexin|last3=Li|first3=Wenliang|last4=Wang|first4=Xiaoguang|last5=Sawaya|first5=Raymond|last6=Lang|first6=Frederick F.|last7=Yung|first7=W. K. Alfred|last8=Chen|first8=Kexin|last9=Fuller|first9=Gregory N.|date=2015-10|title=Genetic, epigenetic, and molecular landscapes of multifocal and multicentric glioblastoma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26323991|journal=Acta Neuropathologica|volume=130|issue=4|pages=587–597|doi=10.1007/s00401-015-1470-8|issn=1432-0533|pmc=4776337|pmid=26323991}}</ref>PMID:26323991 <ref name=":8" />PMID:26061751; <ref name=":13" />PMID:29687258 |
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Line 386: |
Line 386: |
| '''Amplification:''' EGFR, MDM4, MDM2, CDK4, PDGFRA, MET | | '''Amplification:''' EGFR, MDM4, MDM2, CDK4, PDGFRA, MET |
| |Overall poor prognosis. Gain of 19q, amplification of EGFR, and homozygous loss of CDKN2A are seen primarily in patients over age 40. Co-gain of 19 and 20 may be associated with longer survival. | | |Overall poor prognosis. Gain of 19q, amplification of EGFR, and homozygous loss of CDKN2A are seen primarily in patients over age 40. Co-gain of 19 and 20 may be associated with longer survival. |
− | |<ref name=":44" />PMID:26061754; <ref name=":15" />PMID:25754088; <ref name=":45" />PMID:28535583 PMID:25931051; <ref name=":46" />PMID:26091668; <ref name=":0" />PMID:25461780; PMID:27157931; <ref name=":14" />PMID:25727226; <ref name=":8" />PMID:26061751 | + | |<ref name=":44" />PMID:26061754; <ref name=":15" />PMID:25754088; <ref name=":45" />PMID:28535583 <ref name=":47" />PMID:25931051; <ref name=":46" />PMID:26091668; <ref name=":0" />PMID:25461780; <ref name=":48" />PMID:27157931; <ref name=":14" />PMID:25727226; <ref name=":8" />PMID:26061751 |
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| |'''MENINGIOMA''' | | |'''MENINGIOMA''' |