Difference between revisions of "HAEM5:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma"
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| − | <blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=Unassigned References|The following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.}}<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Tsd|first=Santos|last2=Rs|first2=Tavares|last3=Dlc|first3=Farias|date=2017|title=Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma: A Literature Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28577652/|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.09.014|pmc=PMC5457460|pmid=28577652}}</ref></blockquote> | + | <blockquote class='blockedit'>{{Box-round|title=Unassigned References|The following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.}}</blockquote><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Tsd|first=Santos|last2=Rs|first2=Tavares|last3=Dlc|first3=Farias|date=2017|title=Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma: A Literature Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28577652/|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.09.014|pmc=PMC5457460|pmid=28577652}}</ref><blockquote class="blockedit"> |
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==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
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'''Signs & Symptoms''' | '''Signs & Symptoms''' | ||
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==Sites of Involvement== | ==Sites of Involvement== | ||
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==Morphologic Features== | ==Morphologic Features== | ||
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==Immunophenotype== | ==Immunophenotype== | ||
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==Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)== | ==Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)== | ||
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*Rare but (some) recurrent translocations/gene fusions: | *Rare but (some) recurrent translocations/gene fusions: | ||
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* Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH | * Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH | ||
* Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns | * Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns | ||
| − | * Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)}} | + | * Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)}}</blockquote> |
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!Alteration | !Alteration | ||
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<nowiki>*</nowiki>Cases previously reported as SMZL with IGH-CCND1 fusion should now be classified as MCL | <nowiki>*</nowiki>Cases previously reported as SMZL with IGH-CCND1 fusion should now be classified as MCL | ||
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==Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH== | ==Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH== | ||
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==Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns== | ==Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns== | ||
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*Ig gene rearrangements | *Ig gene rearrangements | ||
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==Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)== | ==Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)== | ||
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<nowiki>*</nowiki>Specific mutations in these genes may be found in [https://www.cbioportal.org/ cBioPortal] or [https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic COSMIC]. | <nowiki>*</nowiki>Specific mutations in these genes may be found in [https://www.cbioportal.org/ cBioPortal] or [https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic COSMIC]. | ||
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==Epigenomic Alterations== | ==Epigenomic Alterations== | ||
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!Molecular Feature | !Molecular Feature | ||
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==Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods== | ==Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods== | ||
Revision as of 13:33, 10 February 2025
Haematolymphoid Tumours (WHO Classification, 5th ed.)
 | This page is under construction |
editContent Update To WHO 5th Edition Classification Is In Process; Content Below is Based on WHO 4th Edition ClassificationThis page was converted to the new template on 2023-12-07. The original page can be found at HAEM4:Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma.
(General Instructions – The main focus of these pages is the clinically significant genetic alterations in each disease type. Use HUGO-approved gene names and symbols (italicized when appropriate), HGVS-based nomenclature for variants, as well as generic names of drugs and testing platforms or assays if applicable. Please complete tables whenever possible and do not delete them (add N/A if not applicable in the table and delete the examples); to add (or move) a row or column to a table, click within the table and select the > symbol that appears to be given options. Please do not delete or alter the section headings. The use of bullet points alongside short blocks of text rather than only large paragraphs is encouraged. Additional instructions below in italicized blue text should not be included in the final page content. Please also see Author_Instructions and FAQs as well as contact your Associate Editor or Technical Support)
Primary Author(s)*
- Snehal Patel, MD, PhD
WHO Classification of Disease
| Structure | Disease |
|---|---|
| Book | Haematolymphoid Tumours (5th ed.) |
| Category | B-cell lymphoid proliferations and lymphomas |
| Family | Mature B-cell neoplasms |
| Type | Splenic B-cell lymphomas and leukaemias |
| Subtype(s) | Splenic marginal zone lymphoma |
Definition / Description of Disease
- Indolent mature B-cell neoplasm of adults involving the spleen, blood, and bone marrow
- Splenic white pulp effacement by small lymphocytes and pale marginal zone involved by larger cells
- Likely originating from mature B-cells of the marginal zone
- The synonyms derive from circulating lymphocytes with cytoplasmic villous projections
Synonyms / Terminology
- Splenic B-cell marginal zone lymphoma
- Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes
- Splenic lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes
Epidemiology / Prevalence
- 1 to 2% of lymphoid neoplasms
- Median age: mid to late 60's
- Males ~ Females
editUnassigned ReferencesThe following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.
End of V4 Section
Clinical Features
Put your text here and fill in the table (Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.)
| Signs and Symptoms | EXAMPLE: Asymptomatic (incidental finding on complete blood counts)
EXAMPLE: B-symptoms (weight loss, fever, night sweats) EXAMPLE: Fatigue EXAMPLE: Lymphadenopathy (uncommon) |
| Laboratory Findings | EXAMPLE: Cytopenias
EXAMPLE: Lymphocytosis (low level) |
editv4:Clinical FeaturesThe content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.
Signs & Symptoms
- Splenic enlargement and discomfort
- Lymphadenopathy (rare)
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia
- Association with Hepatitis C virus
Laboratory findings
- Cytopenias
- Lymphocytosis (low level)
- Small paraprotein
editUnassigned ReferencesThe following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.
End of V4 Section
End of V4 Section
Sites of Involvement
- Spleen (white pulp)
- Perihilar lymph nodes
- Blood
- Bone marrow
- liver (less common)
- peripheral lymph nodes (rare)
editUnassigned ReferencesThe following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.
End of V4 Section
Morphologic Features
- Marked expansion splenic white pulp by neoplastic B-cells
- Effacement of mantle zone and germinal center by small neoplastic B-cells
- Residual germinal centers may be present
- Small cells and large cells with more cytoplasm are seen in the marginal zone
- Neoplastic B-cells show cytoplasmic projections in smear preparations
editUnassigned ReferencesThe following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.
End of V4 Section
Immunophenotype
| Finding | Marker |
|---|---|
| Positive (B-cell lineage markers) | CD19, CD20 (bright), CD22, PAX5, FMC7, sIg (bright, monotypic) |
| Positive (subset) | CD5, CD11c, CD70, CD103 |
| Negative | CD10, CD21, CD35, CD42, CD123, BCL1, BCL6, SOX11, LEF1, IRTA1, BRAF V600E |
editUnassigned ReferencesThe following referenees were placed in the header. Please place them into the appropriate locations in the text.
End of V4 Section
Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)
Put your text here and fill in the table
| Chromosomal Rearrangement | Genes in Fusion (5’ or 3’ Segments) | Pathogenic Derivative | Prevalence | Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXAMPLE: t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) | EXAMPLE: 3'ABL1 / 5'BCR | EXAMPLE: der(22) | EXAMPLE: 20% (COSMIC)
EXAMPLE: 30% (add reference) |
Yes | No | Yes | EXAMPLE:
The t(9;22) is diagnostic of CML in the appropriate morphology and clinical context (add reference). This fusion is responsive to targeted therapy such as Imatinib (Gleevec) (add reference). |
editv4:Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.
- Rare but (some) recurrent translocations/gene fusions:
End of V4 Section
editv4:Clinical Significance (Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutic Implications).Please incorporate this section into the relevant tables found in:
- Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)
- Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH
- Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns
- Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)
| Alteration | Clinical Significance | Note |
|---|---|---|
| BRAF mutations | Diagnostic (exclusion) | Present in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and absent in SMZL[14] |
| MYD88 mutations | Diagnostic (exclusion) | Present in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) and rare but not absent in SMZL |
| t(11;14)(q13;q32)/IGH-CCND1* | Diagnostic (exclusion) | Present in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and absent in SMZL |
| t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-BCL2 | Diagnostic (exclusion) | Present in follicular lymphoma (FL) and rare but not absent in SMZL[9] |
| t(11;18)(q21;q21)/BIRC3-MALT1 | Diagnostic (exclusion) | Present in MALT lymphoma and absent in SMZL |
| t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-MALT1 | Diagnostic (exclusion) | Present in MALT lymphoma and absent in SMZL[15] |
| t(1;14)(p22;q32)/IGH-BCL10 | Diagnostic (exclusion) | Present in MALT lymphoma and absent in SMZL |
*Cases previously reported as SMZL with IGH-CCND1 fusion should now be classified as MCL
End of V4 Section
Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH
Put your text here and fill in the table (Instructions: Includes aberrations not involving gene fusions. Can include references in the table. Can refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable. Do not delete table.)
| Chr # | Gain / Loss / Amp / LOH | Minimal Region Genomic Coordinates [Genome Build] | Minimal Region Cytoband | Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXAMPLE:
7 |
EXAMPLE: Loss | EXAMPLE:
chr7:1- 159,335,973 [hg38] |
EXAMPLE:
chr7 |
Yes | Yes | No | EXAMPLE:
Presence of monosomy 7 (or 7q deletion) is sufficient for a diagnosis of AML with MDS-related changes when there is ≥20% blasts and no prior therapy (add reference). Monosomy 7/7q deletion is associated with a poor prognosis in AML (add reference). |
| EXAMPLE:
8 |
EXAMPLE: Gain | EXAMPLE:
chr8:1-145,138,636 [hg38] |
EXAMPLE:
chr8 |
No | No | No | EXAMPLE:
Common recurrent secondary finding for t(8;21) (add reference). |
editv4:Genomic Gain/Loss/LOHThe content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.
| Chromosome Number | Gain/Loss/Amp/LOH | Significance | Prevalence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7q31-32 | Loss (heterozygous) | Unknown; possible haploinsufficiency of IRF5 tumor suppressor[16] | 26–45%[1][17][18] |
| 3/3q | Gain (trisomy) | Unknown | 15%[1][18][17] |
End of V4 Section
Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns
Put your text here (EXAMPLE PATTERNS: hyperdiploid; gain of odd number chromosomes including typically chromosome 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 17; co-deletion of 1p and 19q; complex karyotypes without characteristic genetic findings; chromothripsis. Do not delete table.)
| Chromosomal Pattern | Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXAMPLE:
Co-deletion of 1p and 18q |
Yes | No | No | EXAMPLE:
See chromosomal rearrangements table as this pattern is due to an unbalanced derivative translocation associated with oligodendroglioma (add reference). |
editv4:Characteristic Chromosomal Aberrations / PatternsThe content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.
- Ig gene rearrangements
End of V4 Section
Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)
Put your text here and fill in the table (Instructions: This table is not meant to be an exhaustive list; please include only genes/alterations that are recurrent and common as well as either disease defining and/or clinically significant. Can include references in the table. For clinical significance, denote associations with FDA-approved therapy (not an extensive list of applicable drugs) and NCCN or other national guidelines if applicable. Can also refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable as well as any high impact papers or reviews of gene mutations in this entity. Do not delete table.)
| Gene; Genetic Alteration | Presumed Mechanism (Tumor Suppressor Gene [TSG] / Oncogene / Other) | Prevalence (COSMIC / TCGA / Other) | Concomitant Mutations | Mutually Exclusive Mutations | Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXAMPLE: TP53; Variable LOF mutations
EXAMPLE: EGFR; Exon 20 mutations EXAMPLE: BRAF; Activating mutations |
EXAMPLE: TSG | EXAMPLE: 20% (COSMIC)
EXAMPLE: 30% (add Reference) |
EXAMPLE: IDH1 R123H | EXAMPLE: EGFR amplification | EXAMPLE: Excludes hairy cell leukemia (HCL) (add reference).
|
Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org/), COSMIC (https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), ICGC (https://dcc.icgc.org/) and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.
editv4:Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)The content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.
| Gene* | Oncogene/Tumor Suppressor/Other | Presumed Mechanism (LOF/GOF/Other) | Prevalence (COSMIC) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NOTCH2 | Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor[19] | Other | 21% |
| MYD88 | Oncogene | GOF | 7% |
| KLF2 | Likely tumor suppressor in most contexts[20] | LOF | 20%[21] |
| TNFAIP3 | Tumor Suppressor | LOF | 8% |
| TP53 | Tumor Suppressor | LOF | 7% |
| BIRC3 | Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor[22] | Other | 5% |
| CARD11 | Oncogene | GOF | 4% |
| IKBKB | Oncogene | GOF | 4% |
| SPEN | Tumor Suppressor | LOF | 6% |
| NOTCH1 | Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor[19] | Other | 11% |
| TBL1XR1 | Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor[23] | Other | 7% |
| NFKBIE | Tumor Suppressor | LOF | 2% |
*Specific mutations in these genes may be found in cBioPortal or COSMIC.
End of V4 Section
Epigenomic Alterations
- Epigenetic dysregulation expected on basis of genetic alterations in histone modifying and chromatin remodeling factors:
- TBL1XR1 is a member of nuclear receptor corepressor (N-CoR) and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) complexes
- CREBBP is a histone acetyltransferase
- ARID1A is a member of SWI-SNF complexes
- EP300 is a histone acetyltransferase
- DNMT3A is a DNA methyltransferase
- Promoter methylation and gene expression study revealed two clusters of SMZL[24]
- high methylation group compared to low methylation group showed
- Methylated/repressed tumor suppressor genes and unmethylated/overexpressed prosurvival genes
- Association with NOTCH2 mutations, 7q31-32 loss, and histologic transformation
- Reduced overall survival
- Reduced proliferation and reversion of phenotype in response to demethylating agents in vitro
- high methylation group compared to low methylation group showed
Genes and Main Pathways Involved
Put your text here and fill in the table (Instructions: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.)
| Gene; Genetic Alteration | Pathway | Pathophysiologic Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| EXAMPLE: BRAF and MAP2K1; Activating mutations | EXAMPLE: MAPK signaling | EXAMPLE: Increased cell growth and proliferation |
| EXAMPLE: CDKN2A; Inactivating mutations | EXAMPLE: Cell cycle regulation | EXAMPLE: Unregulated cell division |
| EXAMPLE: KMT2C and ARID1A; Inactivating mutations | EXAMPLE: Histone modification, chromatin remodeling | EXAMPLE: Abnormal gene expression program |
editv4:Genes and Main Pathways InvolvedThe content below was from the old template. Please incorporate above.
| Molecular Feature | Pathway | Pathophysiologic outcome |
|---|---|---|
| NOTCH2, NOTCH1, DTX, and SPEN mutations | NOTCH signaling[25] | Increased proliferation and survival |
| MYD88, TNFAIP3, BIRC3, CARD11, IKBKB, NFKBIE, and TRAF3 mutations | NF-κB signaling[26][27][28] | Lymphocyte development |
| TP53 mutations | TP53 pathway | Dysregulation of genomic stability and apoptosis |
| TBL1XR1, CREBBP, ARID1A, EP300, and DNMT3A mutations | Histone modification and chromatin remodeling[25] | Abnormal gene expression program |
End of V4 Section
Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods
- Clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic findings and exclusion of other low-grade B-cell lymphomas are generally sufficient for diagnosis
- No established specific diagnostic test currently exists
- Molecular testing may help exclude other entities in some cases (see below)
Familial Forms
- None
Additional Information
- None
Links
- HAEM4:Splenic B-cell Lymphoma/Leukemia, Unclassifiable
- HAEM5:Splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma
References
(use the "Cite" icon at the top of the page) (Instructions: Add each reference into the text above by clicking on where you want to insert the reference, selecting the “Cite” icon at the top of the page, and using the “Automatic” tab option to search such as by PMID to select the reference to insert. The reference list in this section will be automatically generated and sorted. If a PMID is not available, such as for a book, please use the “Cite” icon, select “Manual” and then “Basic Form”, and include the entire reference.)
- ↑ Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Salido, Marta; et al. (2010). "Cytogenetic aberrations and their prognostic value in a series of 330 splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: a multicenter study of the Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma Group". Blood. 116 (9): 1479–1488. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-02-267476. ISSN 0006-4971.
- ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Tsd, Santos; et al. (2017). "Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma: A Literature Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges". doi:10.1016/j.bjhh.2016.09.014. PMC 5457460. PMID 28577652.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
- ↑ Shi, Xiaofeng; et al. (2018). "A rare case of B-lymphoproliferative disorder with villous lymphocytes harboring t(8;14)(q24;q32) translocation". Frontiers of Medicine. 12 (3): 324–329. doi:10.1007/s11684-017-0558-z. ISSN 2095-0217.
- ↑ Scapinello, Greta; et al. (2018). "Splenic marginal zone lymphoma with a de novo t(8;14)(q24;q32) and a prolymphocytoid evolution responsive to rituximab-bendamustine". Annals of Hematology. 97 (10): 2001–2003. doi:10.1007/s00277-018-3351-4. ISSN 0939-5555.
- ↑ Gindin, Tatyana; et al. (2015). "MLL / KMT2A translocations in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: MLL / KMT2A translocations in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas". Hematological Oncology. 33 (4): 239–246. doi:10.1002/hon.2158.
- ↑ Remstein, E D; et al. (2008). "The prevalence of IG translocations and 7q32 deletions in splenic marginal zone lymphoma". Leukemia. 22 (6): 1268–1272. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2405027. ISSN 0887-6924.
- ↑ Corcoran, M M; et al. (1999). "Dysregulation of cyclin dependent kinase 6 expression in splenic marginal zone lymphoma through chromosome 7q translocations". Oncogene. 18 (46): 6271–6277. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203033. ISSN 0950-9232.
- ↑ Parker, Edward; et al. (2011). "Molecular characterization of a t(2;7) translocation linking CDK6 to the IGK locus in CD5− monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis". Cancer Genetics. 204 (5): 260–264. doi:10.1016/j.cancergen.2011.03.004.
- ↑ Jump up to: 9.0 9.1 Baseggio, Lucile; et al. (2012). "In non-follicular lymphoproliferative disorders, IGH/BCL2-fusion is not restricted to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia". British Journal of Haematology. 158 (4): 489–498. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09178.x.
- ↑ Nagel, Inga; et al. (2010). "Deregulation of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene by chromosomal translocations in B-cell malignancies". Blood. 116 (8): 1317–1320. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-09-240440. ISSN 0006-4971.
- ↑ Kelly, Richard J.; et al. (2007). "The t(9;14)(p13;q32) is a recurrent but rare abnormality in splenic marginal zone lymphoma". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 48 (8): 1636–1637. doi:10.1080/10428190701474415. ISSN 1042-8194.
- ↑ Sole, F.; et al. (2006). "Translocation t(9;14)(p13;q32) in cases of splenic marginal zone lymphoma". Haematologica. 91 (9): 1289–1291. ISSN 0390-6078. PMID 16956840.
- ↑ K, Kawakami; et al. (1998). "A Case of Primary Splenic Large Cell Lymphoma With a t(9;14)(p13;q32)". PMID 9631587.
- ↑ Naseem, Shano; et al. (2020). "BRAF V600E mutation detection in hairy cell leukemia-utility of archival DNA from bone marrow aspirate/imprint smear and amplification refractory mutation system". Molecular Biology Reports. doi:10.1007/s11033-020-05509-0. ISSN 0301-4851.
- ↑ Streubel, Berthold; et al. (2003). "T(14;18)(q32;q21) involving IGH andMALT1 is a frequent chromosomal aberration in MALT lymphoma". Blood. 101 (6): 2335–2339. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-09-2963. ISSN 1528-0020.
- ↑ Fresquet, Vicente; et al. (2012). "High-throughput sequencing analysis of the chromosome 7q32 deletion reveals IRF5 as a potential tumour suppressor in splenic marginal-zone lymphoma". British Journal of Haematology. 158 (6): 712–726. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09226.x.
- ↑ Jump up to: 17.0 17.1 Baró, Cristina; et al. (2008). "New chromosomal alterations in a series of 23 splenic marginal zone lymphoma patients revealed by Spectral Karyotyping (SKY)". Leukemia Research. 32 (5): 727–736. doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2007.09.012.
- ↑ Jump up to: 18.0 18.1 Gruszka-Westwood, Alicja M.; et al. (2003). "Deletion mapping on the long arm of chromosome 7 in splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes". Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. 36 (1): 57–69. doi:10.1002/gcc.10142. ISSN 1045-2257.
- ↑ Jump up to: 19.0 19.1 Lobry, Camille; et al. (2011). "Oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions of Notch in cancer: it's NOTCH what you think". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 208 (10): 1931–1935. doi:10.1084/jem.20111855. ISSN 1540-9538. PMC 3182047. PMID 21948802.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
- ↑ Wang, Chunmei; et al. (2017). "Krüppel-like factor 2 suppresses human gastric tumorigenesis through inhibiting PTEN/AKT signaling". Oncotarget. 8 (59): 100358–100370. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.22229. ISSN 1949-2553. PMC 5725026. PMID 29245984.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
- ↑ Jaramillo Oquendo, Carolina; et al. (2019). "Systematic Review of Somatic Mutations in Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma". Scientific Reports. 9 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46906-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6639539. PMID 31320741.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
- ↑ Yamato, Azusa; et al. (2015). "Oncogenic activity of BIRC2 and BIRC3 mutants independent of nuclear factor-κB-activating potential". Cancer Science. 106 (9): 1137–1142. doi:10.1111/cas.12726. PMC 4582982. PMID 26094954.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
- ↑ Cao, Qinghua; et al. (2018). "TBL1XR1 promotes migration and invasion in osteosarcoma cells and is negatively regulated by miR-186-5p". American Journal of Cancer Research. 8 (12): 2481–2493. ISSN 2156-6976. PMC 6325474. PMID 30662805.
- ↑ Arribas, Alberto J.; et al. (2015). "DNA methylation profiling identifies two splenic marginal zone lymphoma subgroups with different clinical and genetic features". Blood. 125 (12): 1922–1931. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-08-596247. ISSN 0006-4971. PMC 4416938. PMID 25612624.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
- ↑ Jump up to: 25.0 25.1 Rossi, Davide; et al. (2012). "The coding genome of splenic marginal zone lymphoma: activation of NOTCH2 and other pathways regulating marginal zone development". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 209 (9): 1537–1551. doi:10.1084/jem.20120904. ISSN 1540-9538. PMC 3428941. PMID 22891273.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
- ↑ Spina, Valeria; et al. (2016). "NF-κB deregulation in splenic marginal zone lymphoma". Seminars in Cancer Biology. 39: 61–67. doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.08.002.
- ↑ Yan, Q.; et al. (2012). "BCR and TLR signaling pathways are recurrently targeted by genetic changes in splenic marginal zone lymphomas". Haematologica. 97 (4): 595–598. doi:10.3324/haematol.2011.054080. ISSN 0390-6078. PMC 3347666. PMID 22102703.CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
- ↑ Rossi, Davide; et al. (2011). "Alteration of BIRC3 and multiple other NF-κB pathway genes in splenic marginal zone lymphoma". Blood. 118 (18): 4930–4934. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-06-359166. ISSN 0006-4971.
Notes
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