Difference between revisions of "BRST5:Adenoid cystic carcinoma"

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Line 49: Line 49:
 
!Finding!!Marker
 
!Finding!!Marker
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Positive (universal)||Epithelial cells: low molecular weight cytokeratins CK7 and CK8; EMA
+
|Positive (universal)||Epithelial cells: low molecular weight cytokeratins CK7 and CK8; EMA; SOX10<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Yang|first=Chen|last2=Zhang|first2=Lingxin|last3=Sanati|first3=Souzan|date=2019|title=SOX10 Is a Sensitive Marker for Breast and Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Immunohistochemical Characterization of Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31105427|journal=Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research|volume=13|pages=1178223419842185|doi=10.1177/1178223419842185|issn=1178-2234|pmc=6501487|pmid=31105427}}</ref>
−
Myoepithelial cells: CK14, CK5/6, p63
+
Myoepithelial cells: MYB<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Poling|first=Justin S.|last2=Yonescu|first2=Raluca|last3=Subhawong|first3=Andrea P.|last4=Sharma|first4=Rajni|last5=Argani|first5=Pedram|last6=Ning|first6=Yi|last7=Cimino-Mathews|first7=Ashley|date=2017-07|title=MYB Labeling by Immunohistochemistry Is More Sensitive and Specific for Breast Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma than MYB Labeling by FISH|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28498281|journal=The American Journal of Surgical Pathology|volume=41|issue=7|pages=973–979|doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000878|issn=1532-0979|pmid=28498281}}</ref>; CK14, CK5/6, SOX10<ref name=":0" />
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Positive (subset)||Epithelial cells: KIT (CD117)
 
|Positive (subset)||Epithelial cells: KIT (CD117)
−
Myoepithelial cells: heavy-chain myosin, calponin, S100, CD10
+
Myoepithelial cells: heavy-chain myosin, calponin, S100, CD10, p63
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Negative (universal)||ER, PR, HER2, neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin, synaptophysin)
 
|Negative (universal)||ER, PR, HER2, neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin, synaptophysin)
Line 61: Line 61:
  
 
==Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)==
 
==Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)==
−
 
+
Recurrent rearrangements of MYB (or, more rarely, the paralogous gene ''MYBL1'') preserve the N-terminal DNA binding domain and transactivation domain in the chimeric gene product. The C-terminal regulatory domains of ''MYB'' or ''MYBL1'' may be lost, but the intact gene is retained in the case of MYB amplification and in the case of some ''MYBL1'' rearrangements.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Persson|first=Marta|last2=Andrén|first2=Ywonne|last3=Mark|first3=Joachim|last4=Horlings|first4=Hugo M.|last5=Persson|first5=Fredrik|last6=Stenman|first6=Göran|date=2009-11-03|title=Recurrent fusion of MYB and NFIB transcription factor genes in carcinomas of the breast and head and neck|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19841262|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=106|issue=44|pages=18740–18744|doi=10.1073/pnas.0909114106|issn=1091-6490|pmc=2773970|pmid=19841262}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Kim|first=Jisun|last2=Geyer|first2=Felipe C.|last3=Martelotto|first3=Luciano G.|last4=Ng|first4=Charlotte Ky|last5=Lim|first5=Raymond S.|last6=Selenica|first6=Pier|last7=Li|first7=Anqi|last8=Pareja|first8=Fresia|last9=Fusco|first9=Nicola|date=2018-02|title=MYBL1 rearrangements and MYB amplification in breast adenoid cystic carcinomas lacking the MYB-NFIB fusion gene|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29149504|journal=The Journal of Pathology|volume=244|issue=2|pages=143–150|doi=10.1002/path.5006|issn=1096-9896|pmc=5839480|pmid=29149504}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
 
|-
 
|-
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|No
 
|No
 
|Yes
 
|Yes
−
|Most common fusion breakpoints involve exon 14 of MYB fused to exon 9 or exon 8c of NFIB  
+
|Most common fusion breakpoints involve exon 14 of ''MYB'' fused to exon 9 or exon 8c of ''NFIB''.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=D'Alfonso|first=Timothy M.|last2=Mosquera|first2=Juan Miguel|last3=MacDonald|first3=Theresa Y.|last4=Padilla|first4=Jessica|last5=Liu|first5=Yi-Fang|last6=Rubin|first6=Mark A.|last7=Shin|first7=Sandra J.|date=2014-11|title=MYB-NFIB gene fusion in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast with special focus paid to the solid variant with basaloid features|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25217885|journal=Human Pathology|volume=45|issue=11|pages=2270–2280|doi=10.1016/j.humpath.2014.07.013|issn=1532-8392|pmid=25217885}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Martelotto|first=Luciano G.|last2=De Filippo|first2=Maria R.|last3=Ng|first3=Charlotte K. Y.|last4=Natrajan|first4=Rachael|last5=Fuhrmann|first5=Laetitia|last6=Cyrta|first6=Joanna|last7=Piscuoglio|first7=Salvatore|last8=Wen|first8=Huei-Chi|last9=Lim|first9=Raymond S.|date=2015-10|title=Genomic landscape of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26095796|journal=The Journal of Pathology|volume=237|issue=2|pages=179–189|doi=10.1002/path.4573|issn=1096-9896|pmc=4676955|pmid=26095796}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|t(8;9)(q13.1;p23)
 +
|''MYBL1''::''NFIB''
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|Reported breakpoints involve exon 14 of ''MYBL1'' fused to exon 9 of ''NFIB''<ref name=":2" />
 +
|-
 +
|t(8;14)(q13.1;q24.1)
 +
|''MYBL1''::''ACTN1''
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|Reported breakpoints involve exon 8 of ''MYBL1'' fused to exon 10 of ''ACTN1''<ref name=":2" />
 +
|-
 +
|rea(6)(q23.3)
 +
|MYB
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|Loss of 3' portion of MYB reported in one case<ref name=":2" />
 
|}
 
|}
 
 
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!Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
 
!Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown)
 
!Notes
 
!Notes
 +
|-
 +
|1
 +
|Gain
 +
|
 +
|1p36.12–p35.3<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Wetterskog|first=Daniel|last2=Lopez-Garcia|first2=Maria Angeles|last3=Lambros|first3=Maryou B.|last4=A'Hern|first4=Roger|last5=Geyer|first5=Felipe C.|last6=Milanezi|first6=Fernanda|last7=Cabral|first7=Maria C.|last8=Natrajan|first8=Rachael|last9=Gauthier|first9=Arnaud|date=2012-01|title=Adenoid cystic carcinomas constitute a genomically distinct subgroup of triple-negative and basal-like breast cancers|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22015727|journal=The Journal of Pathology|volume=226|issue=1|pages=84–96|doi=10.1002/path.2974|issn=1096-9896|pmid=22015727}}</ref>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|6
 
|6
−
|Gain
+
|Gain/Amp
 
|chr6:135,502,453-135,540,311 [GRCh37/hg19]
 
|chr6:135,502,453-135,540,311 [GRCh37/hg19]
 
|6q23.3
 
|6q23.3
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|No
 
|No
 
|No
 
|No
−
|MYB amplification
+
|MYB amplification was a range of 3-10 copies by FISH associated with MYB overexpression<ref name=":2" />
 +
|-
 +
|11
 +
|Gain
 +
|
 +
|11p15.5<ref name=":4" />
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|12
 +
|Gain
 +
|
 +
|12p13.31<ref name=":4" />
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|16
 +
|Gain
 +
|
 +
|16p13.3<ref name=":4" />
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|17
 +
|Gain
 +
|
 +
|17q21-q25.1<ref name=":3" />
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|19
 +
|Gain
 +
|
 +
|19p13<ref name=":4" />
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|6
 +
|Loss
 +
|
 +
|6q25.3-q26<ref name=":4" />, 6q23.3-6q27<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fusco|first=Nicola|last2=Geyer|first2=Felipe C.|last3=De Filippo|first3=Maria R.|last4=Martelotto|first4=Luciano G.|last5=Ng|first5=Charlotte K. Y.|last6=Piscuoglio|first6=Salvatore|last7=Guerini-Rocco|first7=Elena|last8=Schultheis|first8=Anne M.|last9=Fuhrmann|first9=Laetitia|date=2016-11|title=Genetic events in the progression of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27491809|journal=Modern Pathology: An Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc|volume=29|issue=11|pages=1292–1305|doi=10.1038/modpathol.2016.134|issn=1530-0285|pmc=5083185|pmid=27491809}}</ref>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|9
 +
|Loss
 +
|
 +
|9p11.1–q21.11<ref name=":4" />
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|12
 +
|Loss
 +
|
 +
|12q12-q14.1<ref name=":3" />
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
Line 137: Line 245:
 
!Notes
 
!Notes
 
|-
 
|-
−
|NOTCH1; inactivating sequence variants (missense, nonsense, truncating)
+
|NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and NOTCH3; inactivating sequence variants (missense, nonsense, frameshift truncating)<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Massé|first=Julie|last2=Truntzer|first2=Caroline|last3=Boidot|first3=Romain|last4=Khalifa|first4=Emmanuel|last5=Pérot|first5=Gaëlle|last6=Velasco|first6=Valérie|last7=Mayeur|first7=Laétitia|last8=Billerey-Larmonier|first8=Claire|last9=Blanchard|first9=Larry|date=2020-06|title=Solid-type adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast, a distinct molecular entity enriched in NOTCH and CREBBP mutations|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31857685|journal=Modern Pathology: An Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc|volume=33|issue=6|pages=1041–1055|doi=10.1038/s41379-019-0425-3|issn=1530-0285|pmid=31857685}}</ref>
 
|Loss of function
 
|Loss of function
−
|26%
+
|20-30%
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|Mostly solid basaloid subtype<br />
 
|Mostly solid basaloid subtype<br />
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CREBBP; inactivating sequence variants (missense, nonsense, truncating)
+
|CREBBP; inactivating sequence variants (missense, nonsense, truncating)<ref name=":5" />
 
|Loss of function
 
|Loss of function
−
|21%
+
|15-20%
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|Mostly solid basaloid subtype
 
|Mostly solid basaloid subtype
 +
|-
 +
|CDK12; missense<ref name=":5" />
 +
|Loss of function
 +
|30-40%
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|ARID1A<ref name=":5" />
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|PIK3R1<ref name=":5" />
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 
|}
 
|}
 
Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org/), COSMIC (https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), ICGC (https://dcc.icgc.org/) and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.
 
Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org/), COSMIC (https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), ICGC (https://dcc.icgc.org/) and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.
Line 171: Line 309:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|MYB; gene fusion or amplification
 
|MYB; gene fusion or amplification
−
|Cell cycle, DNA replication, DNA repair
+
|Cell cycle (MYC and NOTCH signaling), DNA replication, DNA repair
 
|Promotes cellular proliferation
 
|Promotes cellular proliferation
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|MYBL1; gene fusion
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|

Revision as of 18:25, 26 October 2023

Primary Author(s)*

Katherine Geiersbach, MD, Mayo Clinic, and Jun Liao, PhD, Columbia University Irving Medical Center

Cancer Category/Type

Breast Cancer / Epithelial Tumours of the Breast

Cancer Sub-Classification / Subtype

Rare and Salivary Gland-type Tumours / Adenoid cystic carcinoma

Definition / Description of Disease

Invasive carcinoma with a characteristic histologic pattern, comprised of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Epithelial cells form glands with lumina containing mucoid material; associated stromal matrix is present, forming irregular spaces called pseudolumina. Subtypes include classic adenoid cystic carcinoma, solid-basaloid adenoid cystic carcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation.

Synonyms / Terminology

Cylindroma (Historical)

Epidemiology / Prevalence

Rare; approximately 0.1% of all breast cancers

Clinical Features

Signs and Symptoms Palpable breast mass, mainly in elderly patients

Suspicious lesion on mammography

Laboratory Findings Not applicable

Sites of Involvement

Any quadrant of the breast; retroareolar most common

Morphologic Features

tubular, cribriform, and solid patterns

Immunophenotype

Finding Marker
Positive (universal) Epithelial cells: low molecular weight cytokeratins CK7 and CK8; EMA; SOX10[1]

Myoepithelial cells: MYB[2]; CK14, CK5/6, SOX10[1]

Positive (subset) Epithelial cells: KIT (CD117)

Myoepithelial cells: heavy-chain myosin, calponin, S100, CD10, p63

Negative (universal) ER, PR, HER2, neuroendocrine markers (chromogranin, synaptophysin)
Negative (subset)

Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)

Recurrent rearrangements of MYB (or, more rarely, the paralogous gene MYBL1) preserve the N-terminal DNA binding domain and transactivation domain in the chimeric gene product. The C-terminal regulatory domains of MYB or MYBL1 may be lost, but the intact gene is retained in the case of MYB amplification and in the case of some MYBL1 rearrangements.[3][4]

Chromosomal Rearrangement Genes in Fusion (5’ or 3’ Segments) Pathogenic Derivative Prevalence Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Notes
t(6;9)(q23.3;p23) MYB::NFIB der(6) 54% Yes No Yes Most common fusion breakpoints involve exon 14 of MYB fused to exon 9 or exon 8c of NFIB.[3][5][6]
t(8;9)(q13.1;p23) MYBL1::NFIB Reported breakpoints involve exon 14 of MYBL1 fused to exon 9 of NFIB[4]
t(8;14)(q13.1;q24.1) MYBL1::ACTN1 Reported breakpoints involve exon 8 of MYBL1 fused to exon 10 of ACTN1[4]
rea(6)(q23.3) MYB Loss of 3' portion of MYB reported in one case[4]

Individual Region Genomic Gain/Loss/LOH

Put your text here and fill in the table

Chr # Gain / Loss / Amp / LOH Minimal Region Genomic Coordinates [Genome Build] Minimal Region Cytoband Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Notes
1 Gain 1p36.12–p35.3[7]
6 Gain/Amp chr6:135,502,453-135,540,311 [GRCh37/hg19] 6q23.3 Yes No No MYB amplification was a range of 3-10 copies by FISH associated with MYB overexpression[4]
11 Gain 11p15.5[7]
12 Gain 12p13.31[7]
16 Gain 16p13.3[7]
17 Gain 17q21-q25.1[6]
19 Gain 19p13[7]
6 Loss 6q25.3-q26[7], 6q23.3-6q27[8]
9 Loss 9p11.1–q21.11[7]
12 Loss 12q12-q14.1[6]

Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns

Put your text here

Chromosomal Pattern Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Notes

Gene Mutations (SNV/INDEL)

Put your text here and fill in the table

Gene; Genetic Alteration Presumed Mechanism (Tumor Suppressor Gene [TSG] / Oncogene / Other) Prevalence (COSMIC / TCGA / Other) Concomitant Mutations Mutually Exclusive Mutations Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Notes
NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and NOTCH3; inactivating sequence variants (missense, nonsense, frameshift truncating)[9] Loss of function 20-30% Mostly solid basaloid subtype
CREBBP; inactivating sequence variants (missense, nonsense, truncating)[9] Loss of function 15-20% Mostly solid basaloid subtype
CDK12; missense[9] Loss of function 30-40%
ARID1A[9]
PIK3R1[9]

Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org/), COSMIC (https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), ICGC (https://dcc.icgc.org/) and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.

Epigenomic Alterations

Put your text here

Genes and Main Pathways Involved

Put your text here and fill in the table

Gene; Genetic Alteration Pathway Pathophysiologic Outcome
MYB; gene fusion or amplification Cell cycle (MYC and NOTCH signaling), DNA replication, DNA repair Promotes cellular proliferation
MYBL1; gene fusion

Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods

FISH for MYB rearrangement; RT-PCR for MYB-NFIB fusion transcript; RNA-based sequencing (whole transcriptome or targeted)

Familial Forms

Put your text here

Additional Information

Put your text here

Links

Put your text placeholder here (use "Link" icon at top of page)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Yang, Chen; et al. (2019). "SOX10 Is a Sensitive Marker for Breast and Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Immunohistochemical Characterization of Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas". Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research. 13: 1178223419842185. doi:10.1177/1178223419842185. ISSN 1178-2234. PMC 6501487. PMID 31105427.
  2. ↑ Poling, Justin S.; et al. (2017-07). "MYB Labeling by Immunohistochemistry Is More Sensitive and Specific for Breast Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma than MYB Labeling by FISH". The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 41 (7): 973–979. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000878. ISSN 1532-0979. PMID 28498281. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Persson, Marta; et al. (2009-11-03). "Recurrent fusion of MYB and NFIB transcription factor genes in carcinomas of the breast and head and neck". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (44): 18740–18744. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909114106. ISSN 1091-6490. PMC 2773970. PMID 19841262.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Kim, Jisun; et al. (2018-02). "MYBL1 rearrangements and MYB amplification in breast adenoid cystic carcinomas lacking the MYB-NFIB fusion gene". The Journal of Pathology. 244 (2): 143–150. doi:10.1002/path.5006. ISSN 1096-9896. PMC 5839480. PMID 29149504. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ↑ D'Alfonso, Timothy M.; et al. (2014-11). "MYB-NFIB gene fusion in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast with special focus paid to the solid variant with basaloid features". Human Pathology. 45 (11): 2270–2280. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2014.07.013. ISSN 1532-8392. PMID 25217885. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Martelotto, Luciano G.; et al. (2015-10). "Genomic landscape of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast". The Journal of Pathology. 237 (2): 179–189. doi:10.1002/path.4573. ISSN 1096-9896. PMC 4676955. PMID 26095796. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Wetterskog, Daniel; et al. (2012-01). "Adenoid cystic carcinomas constitute a genomically distinct subgroup of triple-negative and basal-like breast cancers". The Journal of Pathology. 226 (1): 84–96. doi:10.1002/path.2974. ISSN 1096-9896. PMID 22015727. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ↑ Fusco, Nicola; et al. (2016-11). "Genetic events in the progression of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer". Modern Pathology: An Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 29 (11): 1292–1305. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2016.134. ISSN 1530-0285. PMC 5083185. PMID 27491809. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Massé, Julie; et al. (2020-06). "Solid-type adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast, a distinct molecular entity enriched in NOTCH and CREBBP mutations". Modern Pathology: An Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 33 (6): 1041–1055. doi:10.1038/s41379-019-0425-3. ISSN 1530-0285. PMID 31857685. Check date values in: |date= (help)

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EXAMPLE Book

  1. Arber DA, et al., (2017). Acute myeloid leukaemia with recurrent genetic abnormalities, in World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, Revised 4th edition. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Arber DA, Hasserjian RP, Le Beau MM, Orazi A, and Siebert R, Editors. IARC Press: Lyon, France, p129-171.

Notes

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