Difference between revisions of "HAEM5:Primary cutaneous CD4-positive small or medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder"

From Compendium of Cancer Genome Aberrations
Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
[unchecked revision][unchecked revision]
 
(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 34: Line 34:
 
|}
 
|}
 
==Definition / Description of Disease==
 
==Definition / Description of Disease==
 +
An indolent primary cutaneous peripheral CD4+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder for which conservative treatment such as excision and local radiation therapy is known to be effective. 
 +
 +
They express at least one follicular T-helper (TFH) marker, except for CD10. 
 +
 +
The differential diagnosis includes<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">Jaffe, E. et al. (2017). Hematopathology (2nd ed.). Elsevier.</ref> 
 +
 +
* other cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) 
 +
* marginal zone lymphoma 
 +
* reactive benign cutaneous lymphoid proliferation 
 +
 +
 
Put your text here <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Brief description of approximately one paragraph - include disease context relative to other WHO classification categories, diagnostic criteria if applicable, and differential diagnosis if applicable. Other classifications can be referenced for comparison.'') </span>
 
Put your text here <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Brief description of approximately one paragraph - include disease context relative to other WHO classification categories, diagnostic criteria if applicable, and differential diagnosis if applicable. Other classifications can be referenced for comparison.'') </span>
 
==Synonyms / Terminology==
 
==Synonyms / Terminology==
−
Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoma (not preferred due to indolent clinical course)<ref name=":0">Swerdlow, S.H.  et al. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (4th Ed), pp.401</ref>
+
Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoma (not preferred due to indolent clinical course)<ref name=":0">Swerdlow, S.H.  et al. (2017). WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (4th Ed). IARC</ref>
 
==Epidemiology / Prevalence==
 
==Epidemiology / Prevalence==
−
Rare disease, comprising approximately 2-3% of all cutaneous lymphomas. <ref name=":0" />
+
Previously considered an uncommon disease but may be underestimated.
 +
 
 +
Comprising up to 6% of CTCLs. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Willemze|first=Rein|last2=Cerroni|first2=Lorenzo|last3=Kempf|first3=Werner|last4=Berti|first4=Emilio|last5=Facchetti|first5=Fabio|last6=Swerdlow|first6=Steven H.|last7=Jaffe|first7=Elaine S.|date=2019-04-18|title=The 2018 update of the WHO-EORTC classification for primary cutaneous lymphomas|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30635287/|journal=Blood|volume=133|issue=16|pages=1703–1714|doi=10.1182/blood-2018-11-881268|issn=1528-0020|pmc=6473500|pmid=30635287}}</ref>
 +
 
 +
One study reported local prevalence of 12.5% of all CTCLs, making it the second most common cutaneous lymphoma following mycosis fungoides.<ref name=":1" />
 
==Clinical Features==
 
==Clinical Features==
 
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.'') </span>
 
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.'') </span>
Line 46: Line 61:
 
Slow growing
 
Slow growing
  
−
Solitary skin nodule/papule/plaque<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />
+
Solitary skin nodule/papule/plaque, reddish/purple<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />
  
 
Multiple lesions in a small number of patients<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />
 
Multiple lesions in a small number of patients<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />
Line 58: Line 73:
  
 
*Dense dermal lymphoid infiltrate, often with nodular or diffuse pattern<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Beltraminelli|first=Helmut|last2=Leinweber|first2=Bernd|last3=Kerl|first3=Helmut|last4=Cerroni|first4=Lorenzo|date=2009-06|title=Primary cutaneous CD4+ small-/medium-sized pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma: a cutaneous nodular proliferation of pleomorphic T lymphocytes of undetermined significance? A study of 136 cases|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19461234|journal=The American Journal of Dermatopathology|volume=31|issue=4|pages=317–322|doi=10.1097/DAD.0b013e31819f19bb|issn=1533-0311|pmid=19461234}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Cetinözman|first=Fatma|last2=Jansen|first2=Patty M.|last3=Willemze|first3=Rein|date=2012-01|title=Expression of programmed death-1 in primary cutaneous CD4-positive small/medium-sized pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma, cutaneous pseudo-T-cell lymphoma, and other types of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21989349|journal=The American Journal of Surgical Pathology|volume=36|issue=1|pages=109–116|doi=10.1097/PAS.0b013e318230df87|issn=1532-0979|pmid=21989349}}</ref>
 
*Dense dermal lymphoid infiltrate, often with nodular or diffuse pattern<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Beltraminelli|first=Helmut|last2=Leinweber|first2=Bernd|last3=Kerl|first3=Helmut|last4=Cerroni|first4=Lorenzo|date=2009-06|title=Primary cutaneous CD4+ small-/medium-sized pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma: a cutaneous nodular proliferation of pleomorphic T lymphocytes of undetermined significance? A study of 136 cases|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19461234|journal=The American Journal of Dermatopathology|volume=31|issue=4|pages=317–322|doi=10.1097/DAD.0b013e31819f19bb|issn=1533-0311|pmid=19461234}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Cetinözman|first=Fatma|last2=Jansen|first2=Patty M.|last3=Willemze|first3=Rein|date=2012-01|title=Expression of programmed death-1 in primary cutaneous CD4-positive small/medium-sized pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma, cutaneous pseudo-T-cell lymphoma, and other types of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21989349|journal=The American Journal of Surgical Pathology|volume=36|issue=1|pages=109–116|doi=10.1097/PAS.0b013e318230df87|issn=1532-0979|pmid=21989349}}</ref>
−
*Tends to extend to subcutaneous tissue<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />
+
*Tends to extend to superficial subcutaneous tissue<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />
 
*Lack significant epidermotropism and folliculotropism<ref name=":3" />
 
*Lack significant epidermotropism and folliculotropism<ref name=":3" />
−
*Predominantly small/medium-size T-cells with pleomorphism<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />
+
*Predominantly small/medium-size T-cells with mild-moderate cytological atypia<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />
 
*Low number of large lymphocytes allowed (<30%)<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
 
*Low number of large lymphocytes allowed (<30%)<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
 
*Can have mixed background containing CD8+ T-cells, B-cells, plasma cells, histiocytes, +/-multinucleated giant cells or granulomatous change<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />
 
*Can have mixed background containing CD8+ T-cells, B-cells, plasma cells, histiocytes, +/-multinucleated giant cells or granulomatous change<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />
 
*Absent/few eosinophils<ref name=":3" />
 
*Absent/few eosinophils<ref name=":3" />
 
*Low proliferation rate; Ki67 <20%<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />
 
*Low proliferation rate; Ki67 <20%<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />
−
*By definitive, excludes cases that fit the diagnostic criteria for mycosis fungoides<ref name=":0" /><br />
+
*By definitive, excludes cases that meet the diagnostic criteria for mycosis fungoides<ref name=":0" /><br />
  
 
==Immunophenotype==
 
==Immunophenotype==
Line 91: Line 106:
 
!Notes
 
!Notes
 
|-
 
|-
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 3'ABL1 / 5'BCR||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> der(22)||<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 20% (COSMIC)
+
|Not found||N/A||N/A||N/A
−
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 30% (add reference)
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Yes
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> No
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Yes
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
−
The t(9;22) is diagnostic of CML in the appropriate morphology and clinical context (add reference). This fusion is responsive to targeted therapy such as Imatinib (Gleevec) (add reference).
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
==Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH==
 
==Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH==
Line 109: Line 122:
 
!Notes
 
!Notes
 
|-
 
|-
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+
|Not found
−
7
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Loss
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+
|N/A
−
chr7:1-159,335,973 [hg38]
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+
|N/A
−
chr7
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Yes
+
|
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Yes
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> No
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
−
Presence of monosomy 7 (or 7q deletion) is sufficient for a diagnosis of AML with MDS-related changes when there is ≥20% blasts and no prior therapy (add reference).  Monosomy 7/7q deletion is associated with a poor prognosis in AML (add reference).
 
−
|-
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
−
8
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Gain
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
−
chr8:1-145,138,636 [hg38]
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
−
chr8
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> No
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> No
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> No
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
−
Common recurrent secondary finding for t(8;21) (add reference).
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
==Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns==
 
==Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns==
Line 145: Line 141:
 
!Notes
 
!Notes
 
|-
 
|-
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+
|N/A
−
Co-deletion of 1p and 18q
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Yes
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> No
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> No
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
 
−
See chromosomal rearrangements table as this pattern is due to an unbalanced derivative translocation associated with oligodendroglioma (add reference).
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
==Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)==
 
==Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)==
Line 163: Line 157:
 
!Notes
 
!Notes
 
|-
 
|-
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''TP53''; Variable LOF mutations
+
|Not found
−
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span>
+
|N/A
−
 
+
|N/A
−
''EGFR''; Exon 20 mutations
+
|N/A
−
 
+
|N/A
−
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''BRAF''; Activating mutations
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> TSG
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 20% (COSMIC)
+
|N/A
−
<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> 30% (add Reference)
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''IDH1'' R123H
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''EGFR'' amplification
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Yes
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> No
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> No
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Excludes hairy cell leukemia (HCL) (add reference).
 
 
|}Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org/), COSMIC (https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), ICGC (https://dcc.icgc.org/) and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.
 
|}Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org/), COSMIC (https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), ICGC (https://dcc.icgc.org/) and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.
 
==Epigenomic Alterations==
 
==Epigenomic Alterations==
−
Put your text here
+
N/A
 
==Genes and Main Pathways Involved==
 
==Genes and Main Pathways Involved==
 
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.'')</span>
 
Put your text here and fill in the table <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.'')</span>
Line 187: Line 175:
 
!Gene; Genetic Alteration!!Pathway!!Pathophysiologic Outcome
 
!Gene; Genetic Alteration!!Pathway!!Pathophysiologic Outcome
 
|-
 
|-
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''BRAF'' and ''MAP2K1''; Activating mutations
+
|Not found
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> MAPK signaling
+
|N/A
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Increased cell growth and proliferation
+
|N/A
−
|-
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''CDKN2A''; Inactivating mutations
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Cell cycle regulation
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Unregulated cell division
 
−
|-
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> ''KMT2C'' and ''ARID1A''; Inactivating mutations
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Histone modification, chromatin remodeling
 
−
|<span class="blue-text">EXAMPLE:</span> Abnormal gene expression program
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
==Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods==
 
==Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods==
−
Put your text here
+
PCR for clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement (clonal rearrangement present in majority of cases). <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />
 
==Familial Forms==
 
==Familial Forms==
−
Put your text here <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Include associated hereditary conditions/syndromes that cause this entity or are caused by this entity.'') </span>
+
<span style="color:#0070C0">N/A </span>
 
==Additional Information==
 
==Additional Information==
−
Put your text here
+
N/A
 
==Links==
 
==Links==
 
(use the "Link" icon that looks like two overlapping circles at the top of the page) <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Highlight text to which you want to add a link in this section or elsewhere, select the "Link" icon at the top of the page, and search the name of the internal page to which you want to link this text, or enter an external internet address by including the "<nowiki>http://www</nowiki>." portion.'')</span>
 
(use the "Link" icon that looks like two overlapping circles at the top of the page) <span style="color:#0070C0">(''Instructions: Highlight text to which you want to add a link in this section or elsewhere, select the "Link" icon at the top of the page, and search the name of the internal page to which you want to link this text, or enter an external internet address by including the "<nowiki>http://www</nowiki>." portion.'')</span>

Latest revision as of 15:00, 11 June 2024


Haematolymphoid Tumours (5th ed.)

(General Instructions – The main focus of these pages is the clinically significant genetic alterations in each disease type. Use HUGO-approved gene names and symbols (italicized when appropriate), HGVS-based nomenclature for variants, as well as generic names of drugs and testing platforms or assays if applicable. Please complete tables whenever possible and do not delete them (add N/A if not applicable in the table and delete the examples); to add (or move) a row or column to a table, click nearby within the table and select the > symbol that appears to be given options. Please do not delete or alter the section headings. The use of bullet points alongside short blocks of text rather than only large paragraphs is encouraged. Additional instructions below in italicized blue text should not be included in the final page content. Please also see Author_Instructions and FAQs as well as contact your Associate Editor or Technical Support)

Primary Author(s)*

Amanda Shuo Xu, MD

Queen's University/Kingston Health Science Centre

Kingston, Ontario, Canada

WHO Classification of Disease

(Will be autogenerated; Book will include name of specific book and have a link to the online WHO site)

Structure Disease
Book
Category
Family
Type
Subtype(s)

Definition / Description of Disease

An indolent primary cutaneous peripheral CD4+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder for which conservative treatment such as excision and local radiation therapy is known to be effective.

They express at least one follicular T-helper (TFH) marker, except for CD10.

The differential diagnosis includes[1][2]

  • other cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs)
  • marginal zone lymphoma
  • reactive benign cutaneous lymphoid proliferation


Put your text here (Instructions: Brief description of approximately one paragraph - include disease context relative to other WHO classification categories, diagnostic criteria if applicable, and differential diagnosis if applicable. Other classifications can be referenced for comparison.)

Synonyms / Terminology

Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoma (not preferred due to indolent clinical course)[3]

Epidemiology / Prevalence

Previously considered an uncommon disease but may be underestimated.

Comprising up to 6% of CTCLs. [4]

One study reported local prevalence of 12.5% of all CTCLs, making it the second most common cutaneous lymphoma following mycosis fungoides.[1]

Clinical Features

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.)

Signs and Symptoms Asymptomatic

Slow growing

Solitary skin nodule/papule/plaque, reddish/purple[2][1][3]

Multiple lesions in a small number of patients[1][3]

Laboratory Findings N/A

Sites of Involvement

Skin, commonly involving head and neck region and upper body. [1]

Morphologic Features

  • Dense dermal lymphoid infiltrate, often with nodular or diffuse pattern[5][6]
  • Tends to extend to superficial subcutaneous tissue[6][5]
  • Lack significant epidermotropism and folliculotropism[6]
  • Predominantly small/medium-size T-cells with mild-moderate cytological atypia[6][5][1][3]
  • Low number of large lymphocytes allowed (<30%)[3][5][6]
  • Can have mixed background containing CD8+ T-cells, B-cells, plasma cells, histiocytes, +/-multinucleated giant cells or granulomatous change[6][5]
  • Absent/few eosinophils[6]
  • Low proliferation rate; Ki67 <20%[1][3]
  • By definitive, excludes cases that meet the diagnostic criteria for mycosis fungoides[3]

Immunophenotype

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.)

Finding Marker
Positive (universal) CD3, CD4, PD-1, CXCL13, CD5, CD2[6][1][3]
Positive (subset) BCL6[6][1][3]
Negative (universal) CD8, CD30, CD10, cytotoxic proteins[6][1][3]
Negative (subset) CD7[3]

Chromosomal Rearrangements (Gene Fusions)

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instruction: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.)

Chromosomal Rearrangement Genes in Fusion (5’ or 3’ Segments) Pathogenic Derivative Prevalence Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Notes
Not found N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Individual Region Genomic Gain / Loss / LOH

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instructions: Includes aberrations not involving gene fusions. Can include references in the table. Can refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable. Do not delete table.)

Chr # Gain / Loss / Amp / LOH Minimal Region Genomic Coordinates [Genome Build] Minimal Region Cytoband Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Notes
Not found N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Characteristic Chromosomal Patterns

Put your text here (EXAMPLE PATTERNS: hyperdiploid; gain of odd number chromosomes including typically chromosome 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 17; co-deletion of 1p and 19q; complex karyotypes without characteristic genetic findings; chromothripsis. Do not delete table.)

Chromosomal Pattern Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Notes
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Gene Mutations (SNV / INDEL)

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instructions: This table is not meant to be an exhaustive list; please include only genes/alterations that are recurrent and common as well either disease defining and/or clinically significant. Can include references in the table. For clinical significance, denote associations with FDA-approved therapy (not an extensive list of applicable drugs) and NCCN or other national guidelines if applicable; Can also refer to CGC workgroup tables as linked on the homepage if applicable as well as any high impact papers or reviews of gene mutations in this entity. Do not delete table.)

Gene; Genetic Alteration Presumed Mechanism (Tumor Suppressor Gene [TSG] / Oncogene / Other) Prevalence (COSMIC / TCGA / Other) Concomitant Mutations Mutually Exclusive Mutations Diagnostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Prognostic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Therapeutic Significance (Yes, No or Unknown) Notes
Not found N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Note: A more extensive list of mutations can be found in cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org/), COSMIC (https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic), ICGC (https://dcc.icgc.org/) and/or other databases. When applicable, gene-specific pages within the CCGA site directly link to pertinent external content.

Epigenomic Alterations

N/A

Genes and Main Pathways Involved

Put your text here and fill in the table (Instructions: Can include references in the table. Do not delete table.)

Gene; Genetic Alteration Pathway Pathophysiologic Outcome
Not found N/A N/A

Genetic Diagnostic Testing Methods

PCR for clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement (clonal rearrangement present in majority of cases). [1][6]

Familial Forms

N/A

Additional Information

N/A

Links

(use the "Link" icon that looks like two overlapping circles at the top of the page) (Instructions: Highlight text to which you want to add a link in this section or elsewhere, select the "Link" icon at the top of the page, and search the name of the internal page to which you want to link this text, or enter an external internet address by including the "http://www." portion.)

References

(use the "Cite" icon at the top of the page) (Instructions: Add each reference into the text above by clicking on where you want to insert the reference, selecting the “Cite” icon at the top of the page, and using the “Automatic” tab option to search such as by PMID to select the reference to insert. The reference list in this section will be automatically generated and sorted. If a PMID is not available, such as for a book, please use the “Cite” icon, select “Manual” and then “Basic Form”, and include the entire reference.)

Notes

*Primary authors will typically be those that initially create and complete the content of a page. If a subsequent user modifies the content and feels the effort put forth is of high enough significance to warrant listing in the authorship section, please contact the CCGA coordinators (contact information provided on the homepage). Additional global feedback or concerns are also welcome.

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Surmanowicz, Philip; et al. (2020-12-16). "The Clinical Spectrum of Primary Cutaneous CD4+ Small/Medium-Sized Pleomorphic T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder: An Updated Systematic Literature Review and Case Series". Dermatology. 237 (4): 618–628. doi:10.1159/000511473. ISSN 1018-8665.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jaffe, E. et al. (2017). Hematopathology (2nd ed.). Elsevier.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 Swerdlow, S.H.  et al. (2017). WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (4th Ed). IARC
  4. ↑ Willemze, Rein; et al. (2019-04-18). "The 2018 update of the WHO-EORTC classification for primary cutaneous lymphomas". Blood. 133 (16): 1703–1714. doi:10.1182/blood-2018-11-881268. ISSN 1528-0020. PMC 6473500. PMID 30635287.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Beltraminelli, Helmut; et al. (2009-06). "Primary cutaneous CD4+ small-/medium-sized pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma: a cutaneous nodular proliferation of pleomorphic T lymphocytes of undetermined significance? A study of 136 cases". The American Journal of Dermatopathology. 31 (4): 317–322. doi:10.1097/DAD.0b013e31819f19bb. ISSN 1533-0311. PMID 19461234. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 Cetinözman, Fatma; et al. (2012-01). "Expression of programmed death-1 in primary cutaneous CD4-positive small/medium-sized pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma, cutaneous pseudo-T-cell lymphoma, and other types of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma". The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 36 (1): 109–116. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e318230df87. ISSN 1532-0979. PMID 21989349. Check date values in: |date= (help)
Retrieved from "https://ccga.io/index.php?title=HAEM5:Primary_cutaneous_CD4-positive_small_or_medium_T-cell_lymphoproliferative_disorder&oldid=14482"